DNA and RNA Flashcards
Purines
Adenine, guanine
Pyramidines
Thymine, cytosine, uracil
Gene expression
How the genetic information in a gene is coded and used to make a protein.
Form of DNA
Double Helix
How many hydrogen bonds do Adenine and Thymine form?
2
How many hydrogen bonds do Guanine and Cytosine form?
3
DNA replication
DNA unwinds/enzymes break down hydrogen bonds/complementary strands move apart/ new strands are made.
DNA profile
DNA released from cells/DNA cut with enzymes/ fragments separated/according to size/
DNA profile application
Forensic science/medicine.
Transcription
Converting the code on DNA to a code on mRNA.
Protein synthesis 1:Transcription events
DNA unwinds/RNA nucleotides are joined together/ to form messenger RNA/mRNA leaves nucleus.
Protein synthesis 2: Translation events
mRNA goes to ribosome/ tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome/tRNA binds to mRNA/with matching codon or anticodon/ peptide bonds formed/ chain folds.
Characteristics
Traits that are inherited genetically.
Non-coding DNA
DNA that does not cause the production of a protein.
Codon/triplet
Sequence of 3 bases that act as a code for amino acids.
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Carries instruction for the production of protein from DNA to ribosome.
Translation
Converting the code from RNA to form protein.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Forms weak bond with mRNA in the ribosome.
tRNA ( Transfer RNA)
Carries amino acid to ribosome.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid.
Genetic Screening
Testing DNA for the presence/absence of a gene or altered gene.
Complementary
Each base has a corresponding base.
Genetic code nature
3 bases codon/ codes for amino acids/ codes for protein.
DNA profilling
Generating a pattern of bands from a DNA sample.
