Genetics Flashcards
Species
Group of organisms capable of reproducing to produce fertile offspring.
Variation
Differences between the members of a species.
Heredity
Passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes/ Passing on of traits from one generation to the next.
Gene
Unit of inheritance/ Piece of DNA that codes for a protein.
Gene expression
The way in which the genetic code is converted into a protein.
Homozygous
Identical alleles are present/ Alleles are the same.
Heterozygous
Different alleles are present.
Dominant
An allele that is always expressed.
Recessive
Allele masked by the dominant allele
Allele
Alternative form of a gene.
Sex linked
Gene located on the sex chromosome.
Genotype
Genetic makeup/ the genes are present.
Phenotype
The expression of a gene/genotype.
Linkage
Genes are on the same chromosome.
Incomplete dominance
When both alleles are present.
Law of Segregation
Each trait is controlled by a pair of factors/these factors separate at gamete formation/each gamete contains only 1 factor for each trait.
Locus
Position of a gene on a chromosome.
Law of independent assortment
Each member of a pair of factors can combine randomly with either member of another pair.
