Food Flashcards
Biomolecules
Chemicals made by living things.
Trace elements (give 3)
Iron, Copper, Zinc
Elements in salts (give 3)
Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium.
Monosaccharide + example
One sugar unit. Glucose/Ribose/Fructose.
Disaccharide + example
2 sugar units. Maltose/Sucrose
Polysaccharide + example
Many sugar units. Starch/Cellulose/Glycogen
Structural role of carbohydrates
Cellulose forms cell walls.
Metabolic role of carbohydrates
Glucose gives energy in respiration/ Glycogen stores energy in animals/ Starch stores energy in plants.
What elements other than C, O, H or N can protein contain?
Sulfur/ Phosphorus
Basic building blocks of protein
Amino acids.
Amino acids combine to form ….->….-> and proteins.
peptides-> polypeptides
Structural function of proteins
keratin in hair/myosin in muscles
Metabolic function of proteins
Enzymes/ antibodies fight infection.
Triglyceride structure
1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid structure
1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids.
Structural role of lipids
Phospholipids in cell membranes
Metabolic role of lipids
Provide energy
Water soluble vitamin
C
Fat soluble vitamin
D
Deficiency of Vitamin C + symptoms
Scurvy; Poor healing of skin, bruising and poor gums with loose teeth.
Deficiency of Vitamin D + symptoms
Rickets; Weak brittle bones
Minerals needed by plants + use
Calcium- hold cell walls together
Magnesium- make chlorophyll
Minerals needed by animals + use
Calcium- forms bones and teeth
Iron- haemoglobin in red blood cells
Water functions ( 3)
Component of body fluids/ good solvent/ reaction medium/ transport/ good absorber of heat
Anabolic
Make larger molecules from smaller ones using energy eg. photosynthesis
Catabolic
Break down larger molecules to form smaller ones with release of energy eg. respiration.
