Molecular Bio Fill in the Blanks

Question 1

what does it mean if a water molecule is polar?

Answer 1

it has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side

Question 2

each water molecule is composed of

Answer 2

an atom of oxygen with two hydrogens attached at an angle

Question 3

oxygen ________ giving itself a partial negative charge

Answer 3

attracts the electrons towards the molecule

Question 4

hydrogen bonds

Answer 4

partial positive and negative charges attract each other and form them

Question 5

hydrogen bonds between water molecules take _______ of energy to break and boil

Answer 5

alot

Question 6

hydrogen bonds give water

Answer 6

cohesion and surface tension allowing trees to transport water from their roots to the leaves

Question 7

more heat means more _________ movement of molecules

Answer 7

rapid

Question 8

liquid hydrocarbons, ex: octane, have

Answer 8

low boiling points because the molecules in the liquid are held together weakly.

Question 9

ice is _______ dense than liquid water

Answer 9

less

Question 10

water molecules in ice compared to liquid water

Answer 10

are held apart in a crystalline lattice (structured) while in liquid water they move about more loosely and pack together more closely

Question 11

dipole moment

Answer 11

unequal distribution of charge

Question 12

water molecules are polar but are not _______

Answer 12

charged

Question 13

solids in crystals (sugar) ____

Answer 13

interact together with one or more types of bonds. if the molecules are polar then they interact with each other through polar covalent bonds.

Question 14

A mole is _______ molecules of a substance

Answer 14

6 x 10^23

Question 15

one mole of one substance has the ________ as a mole of another substance even if they don’t have the same weight

Answer 15

number of molecules

Question 16

Acid is a proton _________

Answer 16

donor

Question 17

base is a proton ________

Answer 17

acceptor

Question 18

when HCL is dissolved it _______

Answer 18

donates a proton since its acidic

Question 19

ph for acidic solution is _____than 7

Answer 19

less

Question 20

ph for basic solution is _____than 7

Answer 20

more

Question 21

although the number of carbons in monosachs may vary the _______ is the same

Answer 21

ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen 1:2:1

Question 22

sugars always have one ______

Answer 22

carbonyl group

Question 23

chiral carbon

Answer 23

4 non-equivalent groups attached that make sugar optically active

Question 24

simple sugars are often drawn as _______

Answer 24

stick structures

Question 25

human enzymes can break down _______ and_______ but can’t break ________

Answer 25

glycogen; starch; cellulose

Question 26

microorganisms (prokaryotes such as bacteria) can break down

Answer 26

cellulose

Question 27

lipids

Answer 27

composed of nonpolar bonds (repel water), carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. their function is long term energy storage in animals. this allows for fast moving organisms, with motility, to function. ______ that are used by animals to store energy are triglycerides (containing 3 fatty acids joined by ester linkages to one glycerol molecule).

Question 28

activation energy

Answer 28

amount of energy required to reach the transition state

Question 29

enzymes increase the rate of reactions by ________ the activation energy

Answer 29

lowering

Question 30

active site of enzyme

Answer 30

the folded polypeptide contains a 3D binding pocket in which the reaction is catalyzed. contains specific amino acids to form a substrate binding pocket.

Question 31

V_max

Answer 31

max reaction rate observed with the saturated enzyme reaction

Question 32

concentration of enzyme in a reaction is _______ than the concentration of the compounds involved in the reaction

Answer 32

lower

Question 33

the enzyme works by

Answer 33

binding the substrate, catalyzing the reaction, and releasing the products.

Question 34

lock and key model of enzymes

Answer 34

to fit in the active site and be used as a substrate a chemical must

Question 35

activation energy

Answer 35

amount of energy required to reach the transition state

Question 36

active site of enzyme depends on __________

Answer 36

correct folding of proteins