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Biology SAT > Biology Sat II Review > Flashcards

Biology Sat II Review Flashcards

1
Q

purines

A

DNA bases that have double-ringed variable groups

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2
Q

pyrimidines

A

DNA bases that have single-ringed variable groups

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3
Q

purine

A

Adenine is a (purine/pyrimidine).

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4
Q

purine

A

Guanine is a (purine/pyrimidine).

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5
Q

pyrimidine

A

Cytosine is a (purine/pyrimidine).

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6
Q

pyrimidine

A

Thymine is a (purine/pyrimidine).

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7
Q

pyrimidine

A

Uracil is a (purine/pyrimidine).

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8
Q

p+q=1

A

formula used to find allele frequency

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9
Q

p^2

A

formula to find frequency of homologous dominant genes

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10
Q

2pq

A

formula to find frequency of heterogeneous genes

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11
Q

q^2

A

formula to find frequency of homologous recessive genes

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12
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis; monitors hormone levels, electrolyte balance, temperature

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13
Q

spinal cord

A

primitive, reflex actions

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14
Q

cerebrum

A

conscious mind; voluntary actions, movement, speech, problem solving; awareness of sensations

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15
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates muscle movement and balance

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16
Q

medulla

A

involuntary acts such as breathing and blood pressure regulation; relatively primitive

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17
Q

-70 mV

A

charge of a neuron at resting potential

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18
Q

+35 mV

A

charge of a neuron that causes opening of potassium ion floodgates

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19
Q

-50 mV

A

charge of a neuron that causes opening of sodium ion floodgates

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20
Q

-90 mV

A

charge of a neuron that causes closing of floodgates

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21
Q

inner linings of respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, urinary system, glandular organs

A

endoderm

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22
Q

bones, blood vessels, muscles, heart, non-glandular organs

A

mesoderm

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23
Q

linings of mouth and anus, external structures, nervous system structures

A

ectoderm

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24
Q

zygote-morula-blastocyst-fetus

A

order of development of baby

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25
Q

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

A

molecule formed in the light-independent reactions/Calvin Cycle

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26
Q

ribulose biphosphate

A

molecule used in the light-independent reactions

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27
Q

phloem

A

plant tissue that transports nutrients from the roots

28
Q

xylem

A

plant tissue that transports water from the roots

29
Q

sieve cells

A

cells in plant tissue that actually carry out transport

30
Q

companion cells

A

cells in plant tissue that aid other cells in transport

31
Q

phloem

A

plant tissue that contains sieve cells and companion cells

32
Q

center of the stem with many arms

A

location of xylem in dicots

33
Q

in between “arms” of xylem, outside of the center of the stem

A

location of phloem in dicots

34
Q

in pairs with xylem scattered throughout the stem

A

location of phloem in monocots

35
Q

in pairs with phloem scattered throughout the stem

A

location of xylem in monocots

36
Q

transformation

A

type of genetic recombination that occurs when a bacteria is mixed with naked DNA

37
Q

conjugation

A

type of genetic recombination that occurs when a bacteria is mixed with different bacteria

38
Q

transduction

A

type of genetic recombination that occurs when a bacteria is mixed with a virus

39
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

site on bone where longitudal growth occurs

40
Q

histone

A

balls of genes that, when coiled tightly together, form chromatin and chromosomes

41
Q

fat

A

nutrient that contains the greatest amount of energy per gram

42
Q

cambium

A

undifferentiated cells between xylem and phloem

43
Q

pith

A

innermost plant cells in stem used for storage and support

44
Q

5’ to 3’

A

direction of DNA synthesis

45
Q

Ca+2

A

ion that has a major role in muscle contraction

46
Q

deletion

A

chromosomal aberration where a fragment lacking a centromere is lost during cell division

47
Q

inversion

A

chromosomal aberration where a chromosomal fragment reattaches to its original chromosome but in the reverse orientation

48
Q

translocation

A

chromosomal aberration where a fragment becomes attached to a non-homologous chromosome

49
Q

polyploidy

A

chromosomal aberration where cell or organism has extra chromosomes

50
Q

nondisjunction

A

chromosomal aberration where chromosomes fail to separate during mitosis

51
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

syndrome in males who have an extra X chromosome

52
Q

Down syndrome

A

syndrome in individuals with an extra chromosome 21

53
Q

phenylalanine

A

UUU codon forms ______.

54
Q

serine

A

AGU codon forms ______.

55
Q

valine

A

GUU codon forms ______.

56
Q

glycine

A

GGU codon forms ______.

57
Q

leucine

A

CUU codon forms ______.

58
Q

methionine

A

AUG codon forms ______.

59
Q

disruptive selection

A

type of selection that forms an M-shaped graph

60
Q

directional selection

A

type of selection that moves the bell curve over

61
Q

flame cell

A

excretory structure of planaria

62
Q

nephridia

A

excretory structure of earthworms

63
Q

malpighian tubule

A

excretory structure of insects

64
Q

nephron

A

excretory structure of humans

65
Q

bone to bone

A

ligaments connect _______.

66
Q

muscle to bone

A

tendons connect ______.

Biology SAT (14 decks)

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