Cell Process

Question 1

Concentration gradient

Answer 1

The difference in concentration between two places

Question 2

Hypertonic

Answer 2

Higher solute concentration than the outside environment; water moves inside the cell

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

Material being dissolved in the solvent (the liquid)

Question 4

Turgid

Answer 4

When a plant cell is filled with water and is happy

Question 5

Hypotonic

Answer 5

Higher solute concentration outside than the inside environment; water moves outside the cell, cell shrivels

Question 6

Plasmolysis

Answer 6

Cell membrane of a plant cell can’t shrivel all the way because of the cell wall

Question 7

Desmosome

Answer 7

Glue that holds two cells together

Question 8

Tight junction

Answer 8

When two cells are attached together so nothing can pass in between them

Question 9

Example of tight junction

Answer 9

Small intestine

Question 10

Lyse

Answer 10

Burst

Question 11

Osmoregulation

Answer 11

Regulation of water in a cell

Question 12

Contractile vacuole

Answer 12

Pumps out excess water in cell of paramecium; organelle involved in osmoregulation;

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Type of passive transport which uses membrane-spanning proteins to transport solutes across a membrane in the same direction as the concentration gradient; helps diffusion of polar molecules and ions; transport proteins bind to molecules

Question 14

Active transport

Answer 14

Uses membrane spanning proteins to move solute molecules against their concentration gradients; uses energy in the form of ATP; moves things in and out of the cell; helps to maintain certain unequal concentration gradients across membranes of most cells

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

The process by which cells engulf particles outside the cell with the cell membrane

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

Cell eating; endocytosis in which cells engulf large particles; pseudopods extend outwards around the particle and then fuse, forming a vesicle inside the cell containing the particle

Question 17

Pseudopods

Answer 17

Extensions of the plasma membrane

Question 18

Pinocytosis

Answer 18

Cell drinking; endocytosis in which cells indiscriminately take up liquid from the external environment; used for the absorption of dissolved substances

Question 19

Products of glycolysis

Answer 19

2 ATP, NADH, 2 molecules of 3C pyruvate

Question 20

Products of conversion from pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

Answer 20

2 molecules of acetyl-CoA, 2 molecules NADH, 2 CO2

Question 21

Products of the Krebs cycle

Answer 21

6 NADH, 2 CO2, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2

Question 22

Products of the Electron Transport Chain

Answer 22

ATP, oxidized electron carriers (NAD+, FAD), H2O

Question 23

ATP synthase protein

Answer 23

Converts ADP to ATP as H+ ions pass through it

Question 24

Purpose of Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

Build a large molecule (citric acid) and then break it again and again to generate electrons

Question 25

ETC location

Answer 25

Mitochondrial membrane

Question 26

Purpose of fermentation

Answer 26

Convert NADH to NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Question 27

Product of fermentation in mammals

Answer 27

Lactic acid

Question 28

Product of fermentation in yeast

Answer 28

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol, CO2 byproduct)

Question 29

Photophosphorylation

Answer 29

H+ ions build up inside the thylakoid and power ATP-synthase proteins, which then create ATP

Question 30

Light-Dependent Reaction

Answer 30

H2O used [electrons and protons stripped off to make ATP], O2 produced

Question 31

Light-Independent Reaction

Answer 31

CO2 used, glucose produced