Biology Sat Subject Test Plants

Question 1

bryophytes

Answer 1

primitive plants that lack vascular tissue e.g. moss

Question 2

tracheophytes

Answer 2

have transport vessels, xylem, and phloem e.g. ferns

Question 3

gymnosperms

Answer 3

conifers

Question 4

angiosperms

Answer 4

flowering plants

Question 5

monocotyledons

Answer 5

one seed leaf, scattered vascular bundles, parallel leaf venation, floral parts in 3s, fibrous roots, provide most food

Question 6

dicotyledons

Answer 6

two seed leaves, vascular bundles in a ring, netlike leaf venation, floral parts in 4s or 5s, taproots, most flowering plants

Question 7

stomates

Answer 7

openings in leaves to exchange gasses

Question 8

cutin

Answer 8

waxy substance that coats leaves

Question 9

sporopollenin

Answer 9

protective polymer found in walls of spores and pollen

Question 10

apical meristem

Answer 10

dividing growth layer located at buds of shoots and tips of roots

Question 11

zones of cells in primary growth

Answer 11

zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of differentiation

Question 12

epidermis (roots)

Answer 12

cover of root modified for absorption

Question 13

cortex (roots)

Answer 13

stores starch in parenchyma cells

Question 14

stele (roots)

Answer 14

vascular cylinder that transports through vascular tissues

Question 15

endoderm (roots)

Answer 15

tightly packed layer of cells surrounding vascular cylinder

Question 16

apoplast and symplast

Answer 16

movement of water in a plant

Question 17

mycorrhizae

Answer 17

symbiotic structures with fungus to supply plant with water and minerals

Question 18

rhizobium

Answer 18

nitrogen fixing bacterium living in nodules on the roots of legumes

Question 19

transpiration

Answer 19

loss of water from a leaf

Question 20

dermal tissue

Answer 20

single layer of epidermal cells covering plant e.g. guard cells

Question 21

vascular tissue

Answer 21

transports water and nutrients

Question 22

xylem

Answer 22

tracheids and vessel elements transport water without using energy through transpirational pull and cohesion tension

Question 23

phloem

Answer 23

sieve tube elements and companion cells transport sugar through translocation, which requires energy

Question 24

vegetative propagation

Answer 24

a piece of the plant produces a new plant

Question 25

epicotyl

Answer 25

becomes the upper part of the stem

Question 26

hypocotyl

Answer 26

becomes the lower part of the stem

Question 27

gametophyte

Answer 27

a haploid adult plant

Question 28

antheridium

Answer 28

structure that produces sperm and develops on the gametophyte

Question 29

archegonium

Answer 29

structure that produces eggs and develops on the gametophyte

Question 30

megaspores

Answer 30

produced by large female cones, will develop into female gametophytes

Question 31

sporangia

Answer 31

tip of mature sporophytes, where miosis occurs

Question 32

sporophyte

Answer 32

a diploid adult plant

Question 33

auxins

Answer 33

hormone that stimulates growth, causes phototropisms, enhances apical dominance

Question 34

cytokinins

Answer 34

hormone that stimulates cytokinesis and cell division

Question 35

gibberellins

Answer 35

promotes stem and leaf elongation

Question 36

abscisic acid

Answer 36

inhibits growth and promotes seed dormancy

Question 37

ethylene gas

Answer 37

promotes ripening

Question 38

tropism

Answer 38

growth of a plant toward or away from a stimulus