Biology Sat II Kingdoms Flashcards
Bacteria
Domain made up of prokaryotes and includes harmful disease-causing bacteria (like E. Coli) to the beneficial bacteria used to make yogurt and cheese.
No
Do Domain Bacteria have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Yes
Do Domain Bacteria have ribosomes?
Circular
What type of DNA genome do Domain Bacteria have?
Eubacteria
What is Domain Bacteria’s one kingdom?
Cyanobacteria
Phylum known as blue-green algae, in the Eubacteria Kingdom and Domain Bacteria. They contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesize.
Blue-green algae
Cyanobacteria are known as _____________ in the Eubacteria Kingdom and Domain Bacteria. They contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesize.
Yes; yes
Do cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll? Can they photosynthesize?
Both lack a nucleus, organelles, and a circular DNA genome
What features do Domain Archaea and Bacteria have in common? (3)
No, no
Do Domain Archaea have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Yes (multiple types of RNA polymerase and methionine as the initiator amino acid)
Do Domain Archaea share features in common with eukaryotes? If so, what?
Extremophiles
Type of Domain Archaea that can survive in extremely harsh environments that most other organisms could not tolerate.
Bacteria
What domain do cyanobacteria belong to?
Extreme thermophiles, extreme halophiles, methanogens
What are the three types of extremophiles? (in Domain Archaea)
Extreme halophiles
Type of extremophile that live in extremely salty conditions.
Salty
What type of conditions do extreme halophiles live in?
Extreme thermophiles
Type of extremophile that live in extremely hot conditions.
Hot
What type of conditions do extreme thermophiles live in?
Methanogens
Type of extremophile that are extreme anaerobes that release methane gas as a waste product.
Anaerobes, methane gas
Methanogens are a type of extremophile that are extreme _________ that release ___________ as a waste product.
Archaea
Domain that shares things in common with Domain Bacteria as well as eukaryotes.
Eukarya
This domain is made up of eukaryotes that contain nuclei, membrane-bound organelles, and linear DNA.
Linear
What type of DNA do organisms in Domain Eukarya have?
Most are unicellular, some multi
Are protists unicellular or multicellular?
Algae
What kind of protist is multicellullar?
Protozoa
Animal-like protists
Algae
Plant-like protists
No
Are blue-green algae protists?6
Amoebas (phylum rhizopoda)
Unicellular protists that move using pseudopodia. Found in soils, freshwater, and marine environments. Some are parasitic.
Pseudopodia
How do those in phylum rhizopoda (amoebas) move?
Unicellular
Are those in phylum rhizopoda (amoebas) unicellular or multicellular?
Yes
Can amoebas be parasitic?
Malaria
Disease caused by the parasite plasmodium
Sporozoans (phylum apicomplexa)
Animal-like parasitic protists.Some cause serious human diseases such as malaria.
Both; 2 or more
Do sporozoans require life cycles with sexual or asexual stages? How many hosts?
Ciliate (protist)
What type of organism is a paramecium? (phylum/kingdom)
Ciliates
Type of protist characterized by their use of cilia for movement and feeding.
Slime molds (Phyla Myxomycota and Acrasiomycota)
Protists that resemble an overgrown amoeba. Contain many nuclei.
Euglena
Unicellular, photosynthetic algae. Move with a flagellum.
Flagellum
How do euglena move?
Yes
Are euglena photosynthetic?
Plants
Names ending in -phyta refer to _______.
Fungi
Names ending in -mycota refer to _______.
Euglena
Unicellular, photosynthetic algae. Move with a flagellum.
Flagellum
How do euglena move?
Yes
Are euglena photosynthetic?
TRUE
True or false: Euglena are algae.
Unicellular
Are euglena unicellular or multicellular?
Diatoms (Phylum Bacilariophyta)
Unicellular protists with unique glasslike walls. Live both in freshwater and marine environments. These walls remain behind when the organism dies and form sediments known as diatomaceous earth (useful as a filtering medium) Make up an important part of the marine food chain and are important producers in phytoplankton.
Produce unique glasslike walls (form diatomaceous earth for a filtering medium), part of marine food chain, important producers in phytoplankton
How are diatoms useful? (3)
Unique glasslike walls
What do diatoms form?
Brown Algae (Phylum phaeophyta)
Protists commonly known as seaweeds. Largest and most complex of plant-like protists. Multicellular and live in marine environments.
Seaweeds
What are brown algae commonly known as?
Multicellular
Are brown algae unicellular or multicellular?
Division
Another word for “phylum”
Nonvascular and vascular
Two categories plants are grouped into based on how they transport water
Seedless and seed plants
What are the two categories of vascular plants?
Nonflowering (gymnosperm), flowering (angiosperm)
What are the two categories of vascular seed plants?
Gymnosperm
Nonflowering seed plants
Angiosperm
Flowering seed plants
Yes, yes
Do gymnosperms have seeds? Angiosperms?
Nonvascular
Are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular?
Plants
Divisions (instead of phylum) are associated with which kingdom?
Bryophytes
What division of plants do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts fall under?
Bryophytes (non vascular)
Division of plants that lacks xylem and phloem.
No
Do bryophytes have xylem and phloem?
Bryophytes; lack vascular tissue
Tracheophytes/bryophytes group of plants must live in damp conditions where water is abundant. Why?
Yes
Do bryophytes require water for fertilization?
Bryophytes
Division of plants that don’t contain true stems, leaves, and roots.
No
Do bryophytes contain true stems, leaves, and roots?
Vascular (have true stems, leaves, roots, xylem, and phloem)
Are ferns vascular or nonvascular?
No
Do ferns have seeds?
Spores
Do ferns have seeds or spores?
Ferns (Division Pterophyta)
Some of the earliest vascular plants. Contain the vascular tissue xylem, phloem, as well as true stems, leaves and roots. They do NOT have seeds, but spores, which can be scattered by the wind.
Conifers
True vascular plants
Conifers
What division of plants do pines, firs, and cedars belong to?
Gymnosperms, nonflowering
Are conifers gymnosperms or angiosperms? Nonflowering or flowering?
Flowering plants (Division Anthophyta)
Division of plants that consists of true vascular plants that produce flowers. Seeds are protected by fruits and nuts.
Yes, yes
Are Division Anthophyta plants true vascular plants? Do they produce flowers (angiosperms)?
Monocots, dicots
What are the two classes of flowering plants (Division Anthophyta)?
Monocots
Class of flowering plants named for their single-seed leaves called cotyledons. Characteristics include parallel veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of threes, a complex arrangement of vascular tissue in their stems, and a fibrous root system.
Cotyledons
Single-seed leaves found in monocots
Threes
Monocots have flower parts in multiples of __________.
Monocots
Class of flowering plants with a complex arrangement of vascular tissue in their stems.
Monocot
Class of flowering plants associated with parallel veins in their leaves.
Monocot
Class of flowering plants associated with a fibrous root system.
Dicot
Class of flowering plants named for their two seed leaves called cotyledons, net-like veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of four or five, vascular tissue arranged in a ring, and a taproot system.
4 or 5
Dicots have flower parts in multiples of __________.
2
How many cotyledons do dicots have?
1
How many cotyledons do monocots have?
Dicot
Class of flowering plants associated with vascular tissue arranged in a ring.
Dicot
Class of flowering plants associated with taproot system.
Fibrous, tap
What type of root system are monocots associated with? Dicots? (tap or fibrous)
Fungi
Kingdom classified as decomposers
Yes; yeast
Are fungi mostly multicellular? What is the exception?
Chitin
Fungi have a cell wall made of ________.
Heterotrophic
Are fungi heterotrophic, autotrophic, etc….
No; absorptive
Do fungi have a digestive system? What type of feeders are they?
Absorptive feeding
Process of taking up small organic molecules from the environment (fungi)
Division Zygomycota
This group of fungi reproduces sexually and includes common molds as well as mycorrhizae (mutualistic association between plant roots and fungi).
Sexually
Do Zygomycota reproduce sexually or asexually?
Common molds, mycorrhizae
What fungi do Division Zygomycota include? (2)
Endothermic
Are mammals endothermic or exothermic?
Mammary glands
Through what do mammals nourish their young?
Lungs
Through what do mammals breathe?
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (FARBM)
What is the order in which chordates evolved? (acronym too)
Birds
What is Class Aves also known as?
Birds
Chordate class that are tetrapods with forelimbs modified as wings.
Lungs
What do birds breathe through?
Endothermic
Are birds exothermic or endothermic?
Reptiles
Terrestrial animals with thick, scaly skin adapted to resist water animals.
Yes
Do reptiles live well in dry areas?
Lungs
What do reptiles breathe through?
Reptiles
What chordate class do crocodiles, lizards, and snakes belong to?
Amphibians
Chordates well adapted to both land and water
No, water
Do the eggs of amphibians have shells? Where must they be laid?
Amphibians
Class of chordates that go through an aquatic larval stage and undergo a metamorphous into a terrestrial adult
Lungs, skin
What do amphibians breathe through?
Amphibians
What class of chordates do frogs and salamanders belong to?
Bony fishes (Class osteichthyes)
Chordate fish with true bone skeleton.
Large, no
Do bony fish lay large numbers of eggs or small? Do they have shells?
Both
Do bony fish live in freshwater or marine environments?
Bony fish
What class of chordates do bass, tuna, and trout belong to?
Cartilaginous, bony
What are the two classes of fish?
Cartilaginous fish (class chondrichthyes)
Fish with flexible skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone, with well-developed jaws and fins.
Flexible, cartilage, bone
Cartilaginous fish have _____ skeletons made of ______ instead of ______.
Cartilaginous
Fish with well-developed jaws and fins
Some lay eggs, some bear live young
Do cartilaginous fish lay eggs or bear live young?
Cartilaginous fish
What class of chordates do sharks and sting ray belong to?
Chordates
Phylum of animals with a hollow notochord, a dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a tail (at some point in their development).
No
Are all chordates vertebrates?
Animals
What is the most diverse of the 6 kingdoms?
Yes
Are all animals heterotrophic?
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
Sessile animals that have a perforated body wall made of two layers of cells. Water is drawn through the body wall into the animal, where food is trapped and ingested. Most live in marine environments.
Sessile
Are sponges (porifera) motile or sessile?
Perforated, 2
Sponges have a ______ body wall made of ____ layers of cells.
Food
In sponges, water is drawn through the body wall into the animal, where _____ is trapped and ingested.
Marine
Do most sponges live in freshwater or marine environments?
Coelenterates
Animals that have body walls made of two layers of cells and a central, saclike digestive system. They exhibit radial symmetry. ex. hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones
Coelenterates (Phylum Cnidaria)
What phylum of animals do hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemones belong to?
Radial
What type of symmetry to coelenterates exhibit?
Central, saclike
What type of digestive system do coelenterates have? (2)
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Animals that exhibit bilateral symmetry and moderate cephalization (a head).
Yes, a head
Do flatworms exhibit moderate cephalization? What does this mean?
Bilateral
What type of symmetry do flatworms exhibit?
Mollusks
Soft-bodied animals with hard external shells, such as snails, oysters, and clams. Exceptions are octopi and squid, which have only reduced, internal shells.
Foot, visceral mass, mantle
What are a mollusks 3 major body regions?
Visceral mass
Part of the mollusk where organs are contained.
Mantle
Part of a mollusk where shells may be secreted.
Mollusk
What type of animals are snails, oysters, and clams.
Segmented worms
What’s another word for annelid?
Segmented worms (annelid)
Animals with closed circulation, a mouth, and an anus. They excrete waste through metanephridia.
Earthworm, leeches
What’s an example of an annelid? (segmented worm)
Metanephridia
What do segmented worms/annelids excrete waste through?
Closed
Do annelids/segmented worms have open or closed circulation?
Annelids/segmented worm
What are earthworms/leeches an example of?
Arthropods
Largest/most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom
Arthropods
Animals with jointed appendages, a hard chitin exoskeleton, and a segmented body with a head, thorax, and abdomen.
Jointed, chitin, segmented
Arthropods are animals with _____ appendages, a hard ____ exoskeleton, and a _____ body with a head, thorax, and abdomen.
Open
Do arthropods have a closed or open circulatory system?
Malpighian tubules
What do arthropods eliminate wastes through?
Arthropods
What group of animals do crustaceans (crabs), insects (moths, ants), and arachnids (spiders) belong to?
Echinoderms
Sessile animals that exhibit radial symmetry, spiny exoskeletons, and have a water vascular system ending in tube feet that function in feeding, gas exchange, and movement.
Radial
What type of symmetry do echinoderms exhibit?
Spiny
What type of exoskeletons do echinoderms have??
Arthropods, echinoderms
What two animal phylums have exoskeletons?
Tube feet, feeding, gas exchange, movement
Echinoderms have a water vascular system ending in ____ ____ that function in ____, ____, and ____>
Echinoderms
What animal phylum do sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars belong to?
Yes, no
Can endothermic organisms regulate their own body temperature? Exothermic?
