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Psychology > Modules 7-9 (lecture 3) > Flashcards

Modules 7-9 (lecture 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

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3
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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4
Q

Selective Attention

A

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

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5
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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6
Q

Change Blindness

A

Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of “inattentional blindness”

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7
Q

Dual Processing

A

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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8
Q

Blindsight

A

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

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9
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously.

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10
Q

Sequential Processing

A

Processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.

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11
Q

Sleep

A

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness– as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

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12
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

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13
Q

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

A

A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also Known as “Paradoxical Sleep” because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

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14
Q

Alpha Waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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15
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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16
Q

Delta Waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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17
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm. In response to light, it causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, this modifying our feelings of sleepiness

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18
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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19
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

20
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

21
Q

Night Terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. unlike nightmares, these occur during N3 sleep. within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

22
Q

Dreams

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

23
Q

Manifest Content

A

According to Freud, the symbolic, remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

24
Q

Latent Content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

25
Q

REM Rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

26
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

27
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

28
Q

Tolerance

A

Needing more substance for the desired effect

29
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive or dysfunctional cravings in spite of known negative consequences

30
Q

Withdrawl

A

Having a reaction to not taking a substance

31
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

32
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder

A

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

33
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

34
Q

Opiates

A

Morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

35
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine, amphetamines, meth, and Ecstacy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

36
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs (such as meth) that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

37
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

38
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

39
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels.

40
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

41
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

42
Q

Near-Death Experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

43
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

44
Q

THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

45
Q

Mechanism of action of Chantix

A

Binds to the receptors in the brain where nicotine normally binds.

Psychology (12 decks)

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