Modules 47-52 (Lecture 12)

Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Answer 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Question 2

Medical Model

Answer 2

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 3

Epigenetics

Answer 3

“above” or “in addition to” genetics; the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression (without a DNA change)

Question 4

DSM-5

Answer 4

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 5

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 5

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 6

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Question 7

Panic Disorder

Answer 7

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Question 8

Specific Phobia

Answer 8

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a certain object, activity, or situation.

Question 9

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 9

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), action (compulsions), or both

Question 10

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 10

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Question 11

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 11

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) from without apparent physical cause.

Question 12

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 12

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis)

Question 13

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 13

A disorder in which a person experiences, the absence of drug use or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Question 14

Bipolar Disorders

Answer 14

A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)

Question 15

Mania

Answer 15

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common.

Question 16

Rumination

Answer 16

Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

Question 17

Schizophrenia

Answer 17

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Question 18

Psychotic Disorders

Answer 18

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.

Question 19

Delusion

Answer 19

A false belief, often persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Question 20

Chronic Schizophrenia

Answer 20

(also called process Schizophrenia) a form of Schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

Question 21

Acute Schizophrenia

Answer 21

(also called reactive Schizophrenia) a form of Schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event and from which recovery is much more likely.

Question 22

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 22

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from pervious memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 23

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 23

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities. (Formerly called multiple personality disorder)

Question 24

Personality Disorders

Answer 24

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 25

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 25

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Question 26

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 26

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.

Question 27

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 27

An eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate-weight loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 28

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 28

Central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior (as in intellectual limitations or a psychological disorder)

Question 29

Intellectual Disability

Answer 29

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life (formerly known as mental retardation)

Question 30

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 30

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

Question 31

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 31

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 32

Obsessive-Compulsive PD

Answer 32

Preoccupied with details, rules, and order. Shows perfectionism that actually interferes with task completion.

Question 33

Phillipe Pinel

Answer 33

He insisted that madness was not due to demonic possession, but an ailment in the mind. He was the first to describe mental illness as a disease and use a medical model.

Question 34

Linkage Analysis

Answer 34

These help find links possible genes and dispositions for depression.

Question 35

Dysthymia

Answer 35

This lies between a blue mood and a major depressive disorder. It is a disorder characterized by daily depression lasting two years or more. It’s like a mild depression you can’t shake.

Question 36

Cyclothymia

Answer 36

Kinda like a mild bi-polar, it doesn’t have the extreme highs and lows though.

Question 37

Fuge State

Answer 37

Blanking out, and “coming to” somewhere or someplace else and not knowing how you got there. Could be minutes, hours, days, or years.

Question 38

Conversion Disorder

Answer 38

A psychological trauma gets “converted” into the loss of a normal physical function, there’s nothing physiological wrong, but you swear there is something wrong physically.

Question 39

Rosenhan

Answer 39

His experiment criticized the validity of psychiatric diagnosis.

Question 40

Dopamine Hypothesis

Answer 40

The idea that higher levels of dopamine in the frontal lobes contributes to schizophrenia. Which is why many antipsychotic drugs antagonize some of the dopamine receptors.

Question 41

VIA Inventory of Strengthens