Modules 31-34 (lecture 9)

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 3

Physiological Need

Answer 3

A basic bodily requirement

Question 4

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 4

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Question 6

Incentive

Answer 6

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 7

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 7

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.

Question 8

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 8

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before people can fulfill their higher-level safety needs and then phycological needs. The bottom being physiological needs and the top being Self-actualization.

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Question 10

Set Point

Answer 10

The point at which you “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.

Question 11

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 11

The body’s resting rate of energy output

Question 12

Obesity

Answer 12

Defined as a BMI measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio.

Question 13

Asexual

Answer 13

Having no sexual attraction toward others

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

The most important male sex hormone.

Question 15

Estrogens

Answer 15

The most important female sex hormone

Question 16

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 16

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson– Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution

Question 17

Refractory Period

Answer 17

A resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm.

Question 18

Sexual Dysfuntion

Answer 18

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or function at any point in the sexual response cycle.

Question 19

Erectile Disorder

Answer 19

Inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis.

Question 20

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Answer 20

Distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm

Question 21

Paraphilias

Answer 21

Sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons.

Question 22

AIDS

Answer 22

A life-threatening condition caused by HIV, a sexually transmitted infection. AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections

Question 23

Sexual Orientation

Answer 23

The direction of our sexual attractions, as reflected in out longings and fantasies.

Question 24

Affiliation Need

Answer 24

The need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group

Question 25

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 25

The theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Question 26

Ostracism

Answer 26

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups.

Question 27

Narcissism

Answer 27

Excessive self-love and self-absorption

Question 28

Achievement Motivation

Answer 28

A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

Question 29

Grit

Answer 29

Passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals.

Question 30

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 30

A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.

Question 31

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 31

The desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.

Question 32

Simon LeVay

Answer 32

Found differences in a gay person’s brain and a straight person’s brain, but has never made any claims of a “gay center” in the brain, and only used a small sample size.

Question 33

Difference between a Task leader and a Social leader.

Answer 33

Task leaders set standards, organize workers, and focus on goals. Social leaders explain decisions, help group members solve their conflicts, and builds teams that work together.