Modules 35-39 (Lecture 10)

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

A response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and most importantly, conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations

Question 2

James-Lange Theory

Answer 2

The theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

Question 3

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 3

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Question 4

Two-factor Theory

Answer 4

The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.

Question 5

Facial Feedback Effect

Answer 5

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Question 6

Behavior Feedback Effect

Answer 6

The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 7

Catharsis

Answer 7

In psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Question 8

Feel-good, do-good Phenomenon

Answer 8

People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 9

Positive Psychology

Answer 9

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that helps individuals and communities to thrive

Question 10

Subjective well-being

Answer 10

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 11

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 11

Our tendency to form judgements )of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experiences.

Question 12

Relative Deprivation

Answer 12

The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

Question 13

Stress

Answer 13

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 14

Approach and Avoidance Motives

Answer 14

The drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus

Question 15

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 15

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases– Alarm, resistance, and Exhaustion

Question 16

Tend-and-Befriend response

Answer 16

Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 17

Health Psychology

Answer 17

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 18

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 18

The study of how psychological neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health.

Question 19

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 19

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries.

Question 20

Type A

Answer 20

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 21

Type B

Answer 21

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 22

Coping

Answer 22

Alleviating stress using emotional cognitive or behavioral methods

Question 23

Problem-Focused Coping

Answer 23

Attempting to alleviate stress directly– by changing that stressor or the wat we interact with that stressor

Question 24

Emotion-Focused Coping

Answer 24

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

Question 25

Personal Control

Answer 25

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.

Question 26

Learned Helplessness

Answer 26

The hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.

Question 27

External Locus of Control

Answer 27

The perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate.

Question 28

Interval Locus of Control

Answer 28

The perception that we control our own fate

Question 29

Self-Control

Answer 29

The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards.

Question 30

Aerobic Exercise

Answer 30

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety.

Question 31

Mindfulness Meditation

Answer 31

A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner.

Question 32

Two Emotional Pathways

Answer 32

LeDoux calls this “neural or emotional hijacking”. Less sudden stress brings the stimulus through the thalamus and amygdala then to fear response. Sudden stress brings the stimulus straight to fear response.

Question 33

Culture and Emotional Expression

Answer 33

There is relatively similar emotional reactions between cultures. Research by Ekman and Matsumoto

Question 34

Cognitive Appraisal

Answer 34

How we label our stress. This is important to how we react to a situation. ex, if we believe we studied a lot before a test we will be focused, but if we believe we didn’t study enough we will be stressed.

Question 35

Cortisol

Answer 35

Hormones the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland releases to help you deal with stress