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AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology > Module3_ClinPath > Flashcards

Module3_ClinPath Flashcards

1
Q

WBC and RBC are theorized to arise from a common stem cell

A

pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell

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2
Q

comprises the leukocytes carried in the circulation

A

circulating pool

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3
Q

comprises the leukocyte that are present at the periphery of blood vessels

A

marginal pool

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4
Q

leukocytes which are at the bone marrow awaiting differentiation and release

A

marrow pool

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5
Q

correspond to a general increase in the number of leukocytes in the circulation, irrespective of the leukocyte cell type involved

A

leukocytosis

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6
Q

the reverse or the general reduction in leukocyte numbers

A

leukopenia

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7
Q

Total Leukocytes of bovine

A

4 to 12

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8
Q

Total Leukocytes of ovine

A

4 to 12

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9
Q

normally progresses in the bone marrow in an orderly fashion from blast cell to mature granulocyte

A

granulopoiesis

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10
Q

Bone marrow compartments

A
  1. stem cell pool
  2. differential proliferating pool
  3. non proliferating or maturation pool
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11
Q

What produces the colony stimulating activity

A

monocyte-macrophages and activated T lymphocytes

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12
Q

function as phagocytes of small particles

A

neutrophils

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13
Q

not self-sustaining, made up myeloblast, pro granulocytes, and large and small myelocytes

A

differential proliferating pool

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14
Q

three Ds of neutropenia

A

Degeneration, depression, depletion

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15
Q

causes deficiency in bone marrow activity that results in an inability to mature neutrophils

A

degeneration

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16
Q

an increase in the number of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

A

shift to the left

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17
Q

can maintain itself against continual removal of cells into the differential proliferation pool

A

stem cell pool

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18
Q

char. By an absolute increase in neutrophils accompanied by the appearance of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

A

regenerative left shift

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19
Q

is one in which there is a normal, low, or falling total leukocyte count accompanied by a moderate to marked shift to the left

A

degenerative left shift

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20
Q

mobilized at sites of antigen antibody reactions in response to mediators released from basophils and mast cells

A

eosinophils

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21
Q

granules contain heparin, histamine and a platelet activating factor

A

basophils

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22
Q

found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract linings, where they act as detoxifiers

A

eosinophils

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23
Q

Conditions causing lymphocytosis

A
  1. Physiologic leukocytosis
  2. Lymphocytic leukemia
  3. Recovery stage of infections
  4. Adrenocortical insufficiency
  5. Hyperthyroidism
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24
Q

develop in the bone marrow and migrate to tissues to become macrophage

A

monocytes

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25
Q

Necrosis of bone marrow result to

A

pancytopenia

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26
Q

refers to the general reduction in the amount of cells produced in the bone marrow that are in circulation

A

pancytopenia

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27
Q

abnormal proliferation of fibroblast in the marrow cavity

A

myelofibrosis

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28
Q

Myelofibrosis often produces characteristic morphological alterations in peripheral blood and include poikilocytosis, with the presence of?

A

schizocytes, elliptocytes, dacryocytes

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29
Q

term used to describe the metastasis of neoplastic cells to the bone marrow

A

myelopthisis

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30
Q

refers to a peripheral disorder associated with faulty maturation, development, and cell division involving one or all of the marrow cell lines

A

myelodysplasia, dysmyelopoiesis

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31
Q

refers to the abnormal proliferation of marrow cell lines and may include myelodysplasia and neoplasia

A

myeloproliferative disorder

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32
Q

are usually characterized by the presence of leukemia

A

myeloproliferative disorder

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33
Q

presence in blood of
large number of neoplastic cells of myeloid origin

A

leukemia

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34
Q

valuable diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of diseases characterized by alterations in the peripheral blood

A

bone marrow examination

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35
Q

major site of blood formation

A

bone marrow

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36
Q

this is the best source of bone marrow samples for dogs and cats

A

humerus

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37
Q

site of collection for cattle, horses, sheep

A

sternum

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38
Q

the most preferred site for cats for bone marrow examination

A

femur

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39
Q

larger than normal rubricytes with
chromatin deficient nucleus

A

megaloblastic anemia

40
Q

Denotes the inflammation of the lymph node

A

lymphadenitis

41
Q

manifested by a slight to moderate increase in the number of band neutrophils

A

slight left shift

42
Q

manifested by few metamyelocytes and many band cells

A

moderate left shift

43
Q

characterized by an increasing number of metamyelocytes with occassional appearance of myelocytes, and promyelocytes

A

marked shift

44
Q

an alteration as a result of the inability of bone marrow to produce mature cells in response to infection

A

degenerative left shift

45
Q

neutrophilia with slight left shift and persistence of the eosinophils is suggestive of?

A

mild infection handled well by body defense mechanism

46
Q

high total leukocyte count consisting mainly of neutrophils indicates

A

severe condition with good bone marrow response

47
Q

neutrophilia with a coexistent lymphopenia and eosinopenia indicates

A

moderately severe to severe condition and stress

48
Q

presence of toxic neutrophils indicates

A

severe condition

49
Q

monocytes primary function

A

phagocytosis

50
Q

canine wbc count

A

5.7 to 14.2

51
Q

feline wbc count

A

5.1 to16.2

52
Q

manifested by absolute number of immature neutrophils frequently exceeding the number of mature neutrophils

A

degenerative left shift

53
Q

used where the increased production is at the expense of the other cell lines

A

myeloid metaplasia

54
Q

refers to the general reduction in the amount of cells produced in the bone marrow that are in circulation

A

pancytopenia

55
Q

drugs that can cause marrow aplasia

A

phenylbutazone and estrogenic drugs

56
Q

Necrosis of bone marrow result to

A

pancytopenia

57
Q

most prominent feature of myeloproliferative disorder

A

hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

58
Q

abnormal proliferation of fibroblast in the marrow cavity

A

myelofibrosis

59
Q

Upon laboratory tests, the specific findings include decreased M:E ratio, predominance of metarubricytes, punctate basophilia which indicates?

A

regenerative anemia

60
Q

These findings larger than normal rubricytes with chromatin deficient nucleus; increase number of macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils, are indicators of?

A

megaloblastic anemia

61
Q

What are the specific findings of aplastic anemia?

A

relative lymphocytosis and decreased erythroid production hence, high M:E ratio

62
Q

lymphadenitis is the inflammation of lymph nodes which is swelling caused by?

A

serous exudates, proliferation of lymphoid and reticular tissues

63
Q

most common neoplasia of lymph nodes

A

lymphosarcoma

64
Q

3 conditions that cause a reduction in the size of lymph nodes

A

senile atrophy, immunodeficiency, lymphoid exhaustion

65
Q

constitute the single largest component of the reticuloendothelial system

A

spleen

66
Q

both refer to a localized enlargement of the spleen

A

splenomegaly, splenic mass

67
Q

most causes of inflammatory and infectious splenomegaly

A

infection, granulomatous diseases

68
Q

Common causes of suppurative splenitis

A

pyogenic bacteria

69
Q

necrotizing splenitis common cause

A

gas-forming anaerobes, Salmonellosis and viral disease like canine hepatitis, and splenic infarction

70
Q

enlargement of spleen due to systemic mycosis and mycobacterial infections

A

granulomatous splenitis

71
Q

Hyperplastic splenomegally is enlargement of spleen due to hyperplasia of the reticuloendothelial and lymphoid components. This condition is also associated with which disorders

A

hemolysis including hemolytic anemia, and drug induced hemolysis

72
Q

How much can spleen store blood?

A

10-20 % of total blood volume

73
Q

these drugs increase blood pooling by relaxing the smooth muscle of the splenic capsule resulting to pooling of blood

A

Tranquilizers and anesthetics

74
Q

Aside from drugs, what are other conditions causing congestive splenomegally?

A
  1. Portal hypertension resulting from right-sided congestive heart failure,
  2. obstruction of caudal vena cava by neoplasia or worms
75
Q

enlargement is due to infiltration of the spleen with neoplastic cells, splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and amyloid

A

Infiltrative splenomegaly

76
Q

congenital and acquired defect of the diaphragm result to displacement of the spleen

A

dystopia

77
Q

nodules or masses of splenic tissue seeded in the omentum which may be due to congenital defects or following trauma

A

accessory spleen

78
Q

A change of spleen common in small animals and result from trauma

A

rupture of the spleen

79
Q

hemosiderin and calcium pigments of the spleen are indicators of?

A

previous hemorrhage

80
Q

a lobular composite organ of epithelial and lymphoid tissues, and reaches maximum development depending on
the species, at the time of birth or up to puberty

A

Thymus

81
Q

agenesis or hypoplasia of thymus is part of?

A

congenital immunodeficiency disease

82
Q

causes of thymus hemorrhage

A

agonal death, strychnine poisoning or from septicemia

83
Q

Viral disease causing thymus inflammation

A

canine distemper, feline panleukopenia, and equine viral rhinopneumonitis

84
Q

neoplasms derived from lymphocytes or plasma cells which usually form sarcomatous masses

A

lymphoproliferative neoplasia

85
Q

3 types of lymphoproliferative neoplasia

A
  1. Lymphosarcoma
  2. Plasma cell myeloma
  3. Reticulum cell sarcoma
86
Q

Mast cell leukemia usually originates from

A

other tissues

87
Q

neoplastic proliferation of hematopoietic cells, characterized by appearance of immature cells in the peripheral blood

A

leukemia

88
Q

type of leukemia with marked increase in TLC, w/ many abnormal and immature cells

A

leukemic

89
Q

a leukemia with normal or slightly high TLC, w/ few abnormal cell types

A

subleukemic

90
Q

a neoplasm of lymphocytes or their
precursors

A

lymphosarcoma

91
Q

What are the other terms of lymphosarcoma?

A

lymphocytic leukemia, leukosis,
lymphocytoma, malignant lymphoma

92
Q

Neoplasia which involves the peripheral lymph nodes, liver, spleen & other viscera

A

multicentric form

93
Q

neoplasm form which originates in the gut & mesenteric lymph nodes

A

alimentary form

94
Q

characterized by development of a large mass in the thymus and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes

A

thymic form

95
Q

A neoplastic lymphocytes indicating large cells, basophilic cytoplasm, mildly aggregated nuclear remnants

A

prolymphocytic lymphosarcoma

96
Q
A
97
Q
A

AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology (8 decks)

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