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AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology > Module3_ClinPath > Flashcards

Module3_ClinPath Flashcards

1
Q

WBC and RBC are theorized to arise from a common stem cell

A

pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell

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2
Q

comprises the leukocytes carried in the circulation

A

circulating pool

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3
Q

comprises the leukocyte that are present at the periphery of blood vessels

A

marginal pool

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4
Q

leukocytes which are at the bone marrow awaiting differentiation and release

A

marrow pool

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5
Q

correspond to a general increase in the number of leukocytes in the circulation, irrespective of the leukocyte cell type involved

A

leukocytosis

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6
Q

the reverse or the general reduction in leukocyte numbers

A

leukopenia

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7
Q

Total Leukocytes of bovine

A

4 to 12

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8
Q

Total Leukocytes of ovine

A

4 to 12

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9
Q

normally progresses in the bone marrow in an orderly fashion from blast cell to mature granulocyte

A

granulopoiesis

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10
Q

Bone marrow compartments

A
  1. stem cell pool
  2. differential proliferating pool
  3. non proliferating or maturation pool
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11
Q

What produces the colony stimulating activity

A

monocyte-macrophages and activated T lymphocytes

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12
Q

function as phagocytes of small particles

A

neutrophils

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13
Q

not self-sustaining, made up myeloblast, pro granulocytes, and large and small myelocytes

A

differential proliferating pool

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14
Q

three Ds of neutropenia

A

Degeneration, depression, depletion

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15
Q

causes deficiency in bone marrow activity that results in an inability to mature neutrophils

A

degeneration

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16
Q

an increase in the number of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

A

shift to the left

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17
Q

can maintain itself against continual removal of cells into the differential proliferation pool

A

stem cell pool

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18
Q

char. By an absolute increase in neutrophils accompanied by the appearance of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

A

regenerative left shift

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19
Q

is one in which there is a normal, low, or falling total leukocyte count accompanied by a moderate to marked shift to the left

A

degenerative left shift

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20
Q

mobilized at sites of antigen antibody reactions in response to mediators released from basophils and mast cells

A

eosinophils

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21
Q

granules contain heparin, histamine and a platelet activating factor

A

basophils

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22
Q

found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract linings, where they act as detoxifiers

A

eosinophils

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23
Q

Conditions causing lymphocytosis

A
  1. Physiologic leukocytosis
  2. Lymphocytic leukemia
  3. Recovery stage of infections
  4. Adrenocortical insufficiency
  5. Hyperthyroidism
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24
Q

develop in the bone marrow and migrate to tissues to become macrophage

A

monocytes

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25
Necrosis of bone marrow result to
pancytopenia
26
refers to the general reduction in the amount of cells produced in the bone marrow that are in circulation
pancytopenia
27
abnormal proliferation of fibroblast in the marrow cavity
myelofibrosis
28
Myelofibrosis often produces characteristic morphological alterations in peripheral blood and include poikilocytosis, with the presence of?
schizocytes, elliptocytes, dacryocytes
29
term used to describe the metastasis of neoplastic cells to the bone marrow
myelopthisis
30
refers to a peripheral disorder associated with faulty maturation, development, and cell division involving one or all of the marrow cell lines
myelodysplasia, dysmyelopoiesis
31
refers to the abnormal proliferation of marrow cell lines and may include myelodysplasia and neoplasia
myeloproliferative disorder
32
are usually characterized by the presence of leukemia
myeloproliferative disorder
33
presence in blood of large number of neoplastic cells of myeloid origin
leukemia
34
valuable diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of diseases characterized by alterations in the peripheral blood
bone marrow examination
35
major site of blood formation
bone marrow
36
this is the best source of bone marrow samples for dogs and cats
humerus
37
site of collection for cattle, horses, sheep
sternum
38
the most preferred site for cats for bone marrow examination
femur
39
larger than normal rubricytes with chromatin deficient nucleus
megaloblastic anemia
40
Denotes the inflammation of the lymph node
lymphadenitis
41
manifested by a slight to moderate increase in the number of band neutrophils
slight left shift
42
manifested by few metamyelocytes and many band cells
moderate left shift
43
characterized by an increasing number of metamyelocytes with occassional appearance of myelocytes, and promyelocytes
marked shift
44
an alteration as a result of the inability of bone marrow to produce mature cells in response to infection
degenerative left shift
45
neutrophilia with slight left shift and persistence of the eosinophils is suggestive of?
mild infection handled well by body defense mechanism
46
high total leukocyte count consisting mainly of neutrophils indicates
severe condition with good bone marrow response
47
neutrophilia with a coexistent lymphopenia and eosinopenia indicates
moderately severe to severe condition and stress
48
presence of toxic neutrophils indicates
severe condition
49
monocytes primary function
phagocytosis
50
canine wbc count
5.7 to 14.2
51
feline wbc count
5.1 to16.2
52
manifested by absolute number of immature neutrophils frequently exceeding the number of mature neutrophils
degenerative left shift
53
used where the increased production is at the expense of the other cell lines
myeloid metaplasia
54
refers to the general reduction in the amount of cells produced in the bone marrow that are in circulation
pancytopenia
55
drugs that can cause marrow aplasia
phenylbutazone and estrogenic drugs
56
Necrosis of bone marrow result to
pancytopenia
57
most prominent feature of myeloproliferative disorder
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
58
abnormal proliferation of fibroblast in the marrow cavity
myelofibrosis
59
Upon laboratory tests, the specific findings include decreased M:E ratio, predominance of metarubricytes, punctate basophilia which indicates?
regenerative anemia
60
These findings larger than normal rubricytes with chromatin deficient nucleus; increase number of macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils, are indicators of?
megaloblastic anemia
61
What are the specific findings of aplastic anemia?
relative lymphocytosis and decreased erythroid production hence, high M:E ratio
62
lymphadenitis is the inflammation of lymph nodes which is swelling caused by?
serous exudates, proliferation of lymphoid and reticular tissues
63
most common neoplasia of lymph nodes
lymphosarcoma
64
3 conditions that cause a reduction in the size of lymph nodes
senile atrophy, immunodeficiency, lymphoid exhaustion
65
constitute the single largest component of the reticuloendothelial system
spleen
66
both refer to a localized enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly, splenic mass
67
most causes of inflammatory and infectious splenomegaly
infection, granulomatous diseases
68
Common causes of suppurative splenitis
pyogenic bacteria
69
necrotizing splenitis common cause
gas-forming anaerobes, Salmonellosis and viral disease like canine hepatitis, and splenic infarction
70
enlargement of spleen due to systemic mycosis and mycobacterial infections
granulomatous splenitis
71
Hyperplastic splenomegally is enlargement of spleen due to hyperplasia of the reticuloendothelial and lymphoid components. This condition is also associated with which disorders
hemolysis including hemolytic anemia, and drug induced hemolysis
72
How much can spleen store blood?
10-20 % of total blood volume
73
these drugs increase blood pooling by relaxing the smooth muscle of the splenic capsule resulting to pooling of blood
Tranquilizers and anesthetics
74
Aside from drugs, what are other conditions causing congestive splenomegally?
1. Portal hypertension resulting from right-sided congestive heart failure, 2. obstruction of caudal vena cava by neoplasia or worms
75
enlargement is due to infiltration of the spleen with neoplastic cells, splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and amyloid
Infiltrative splenomegaly
76
congenital and acquired defect of the diaphragm result to displacement of the spleen
dystopia
77
nodules or masses of splenic tissue seeded in the omentum which may be due to congenital defects or following trauma
accessory spleen
78
A change of spleen common in small animals and result from trauma
rupture of the spleen
79
hemosiderin and calcium pigments of the spleen are indicators of?
previous hemorrhage
80
a lobular composite organ of epithelial and lymphoid tissues, and reaches maximum development depending on the species, at the time of birth or up to puberty
Thymus
81
agenesis or hypoplasia of thymus is part of?
congenital immunodeficiency disease
82
causes of thymus hemorrhage
agonal death, strychnine poisoning or from septicemia
83
Viral disease causing thymus inflammation
canine distemper, feline panleukopenia, and equine viral rhinopneumonitis
84
neoplasms derived from lymphocytes or plasma cells which usually form sarcomatous masses
lymphoproliferative neoplasia
85
3 types of lymphoproliferative neoplasia
1. Lymphosarcoma 2. Plasma cell myeloma 3. Reticulum cell sarcoma
86
Mast cell leukemia usually originates from
other tissues
87
neoplastic proliferation of hematopoietic cells, characterized by appearance of immature cells in the peripheral blood
leukemia
88
type of leukemia with marked increase in TLC, w/ many abnormal and immature cells
leukemic
89
a leukemia with normal or slightly high TLC, w/ few abnormal cell types
subleukemic
90
a neoplasm of lymphocytes or their precursors
lymphosarcoma
91
What are the other terms of lymphosarcoma?
lymphocytic leukemia, leukosis, lymphocytoma, malignant lymphoma
92
Neoplasia which involves the peripheral lymph nodes, liver, spleen & other viscera
multicentric form
93
neoplasm form which originates in the gut & mesenteric lymph nodes
alimentary form
94
characterized by development of a large mass in the thymus and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
thymic form
95
A neoplastic lymphocytes indicating large cells, basophilic cytoplasm, mildly aggregated nuclear remnants
prolymphocytic lymphosarcoma
96
97

AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology (14 decks)

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