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AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology > Module2_ClinPath > Flashcards

Module2_ClinPath Flashcards

1
Q

total RBC transit time of cows

A

4 to 5 days

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2
Q

What are the stimuli for erythrocyte production

A

anoxia or hypoxia, repeated bleedings, rbc destroying chemicals, hormones

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3
Q

hormone released from the kidney which stimulates the bone marrow to undergo hematopoiesis

A

erythropoietin

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4
Q

appear as though they have a hole punche through the periphery of the red cell and observed most often in the feline blood films, which may result for oxidative injury

A

blister cells

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5
Q

have dark central area of hemoglobin surrounded by a pale one that in turns surrounded by a peripheral rim of hemoglobin

A

codocytes

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6
Q

indicates variable red cell size

A

anisocytosis

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7
Q

oval to cigar shaped cells

A

elliptocytes

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8
Q

total RBC transit time of dogs

A

4 to 7 days

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9
Q

identified when the red cells clump or cluster together in groups like a bunch of grapes

A

agglutination

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10
Q

these family rbc are normally elliptical

A

camelidae

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11
Q

oval to cigar shaped cells with projections of equal length that are evenly spaced on the surface of the red cell

A

echinoelliptocytes

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12
Q

increased number of codocytes may indicate disease of which organ

A

hepatic disease

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13
Q

result of erythrocyte dehydration or by expansion of the outer leaflet of the red cell membrane

A

Echinocytes

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14
Q

are red cells with an angular shape or short, blunt projections

A

echinocytes I

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15
Q

spherical red cells with sharp projections of equal length that are evenly spaced on th surface of the red cell

A

echinocytes III

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16
Q

term for the mass of circulating erythrocytes plus the erythropoietic tissue of the bone marrow

A

Erythron

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17
Q

these artifact may be due to poor blood film preparation or lipemia

A

dacryocytes

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18
Q

increase of echinocytes III may indicate

A

renal disease or electrolyte disturbance

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19
Q

echinoelliptocytes are rare in other species but may be seen in cats clinically diagnosed with this disease

A

hepatobiliary disease

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20
Q

it indicates oxidative damage to the RBC membrane and may be accompanied by RBCs with Heinz bodies

A

eccentrocytes

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21
Q

red cells that have been leached hemoglobin and are evidence of intravascular hemolysis

A

ghost cells

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22
Q

smaller than normal cells

A

microcytes

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23
Q

larger than normal cells

A

macrocytes

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24
Q

increase of non artifactual dacryocytes may be seen with

A

myelofibrosis

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25
Q

thin, macrocytic red cells with membrane surface area that exceeds hemoglobin content, which tends to wrinkle or fold forming twisted

A

leptocytes

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26
Q

crescent shaped cells

A

keratocytes

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27
Q

refers to red cell pallor due to inadequate synthesis of hemoglobin

A

hypochromasia

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28
Q

small, dark, round RBCs formed by the removal of altered cell membrane withoyt concurrent loss of hemoglobine

A

spherocytes

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29
Q

red cell fragments attributed to mechanical red injury or shearing

A

schizocytes

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30
Q

indicates an increase in red cell mass, and is more appropriately called erythrocytosis

A

polycythemia

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31
Q

This condition means an increase in PCV, TEC and Hgb concentration

A

polycythemia

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32
Q

a myeloproliferative disorder of unknown origin

A

primary or polycythemia vera

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33
Q

due to lowering of arterial oxygen saturation

A

secondary polycythemia

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34
Q

means a reduction in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both in the circulating blood

A

anemia

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35
Q

leads to hemolysis,hemoglobinuria and bone marrow hyperplasia, especially in sheep

A

copper

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36
Q

accelerates lytic action of lysolecithin in horse blood

A

phenothiazine

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37
Q

produces heinz bodies

A

methylene blue

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38
Q

induces heinz bodies

A

poisonous plants

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39
Q

diagnosed by means of Coombs test and demonstration of LE cells

A

AIHA

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40
Q

associated with nonregenerative anemia characterized by lack of reticulocyte response.

A

bone marrow depression

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41
Q

a proteolytic enzyme that is capable of digesting fibrin into soluble fragments

A

plasmin or fibrinolysin

42
Q

Factor VIII deficiency, prolonged clotting time, deficient prothrombin consumption

A

hemophilia A

43
Q

Facor IX deficiency, more severe in larger breeds of dogs

A

Hemophilia B

44
Q

Factor XI deficiency reported in dogs and cattle with prolonged APTT

A

Hemophilia C

45
Q

reduced Factor VIII level, reduced platelet adhesiveness, prolonged bleeding time

A

von willebrand disease or canine pseudohemophilia

46
Q

factor X is reported in

A

cocker spaniel

47
Q

lab findings are prolonged APTT, coagulation time and recalcification time.

A

Factor XII deficiency

48
Q

characterized by prolonged OSPT, affected animals do not usually show serious bleeding tendencies, but bruise easily and are more predisposed to mange

A

Factor VII deficiency

49
Q

Factor VII deficiency becomes more pronounced in the presence of
an advanced

A

liver disease or Vit K deficiency

50
Q

char. By severe bleeding tendencies and prolonged clotting tests as well as prolonged ESR

A

hypofibrinogenemia

51
Q

Prothrombin deficiency is reported in

A

boxers, cocker spaniel

52
Q

laboratory findings are abnormal whole blood and serum clotting times, RVVT, and clot retraction

A

thrombasthenia, thrombocytopathia

53
Q

stack of red cells and maybe associated with hyperproteinemia

A

rouleaux

54
Q

function as carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is known as a respiratory pigment

A

hemoglobin

55
Q

carrier of hemoglobin

A

RBC

56
Q

variation in rbcs morphology

A

anisocytosis

57
Q

major deviation from the normal shape of red blood cells

A

poikilocytosis

58
Q

reticulocytes is best demonstrated by use of

A

supravital stain or new methylene blue stain

59
Q

red cells with 3 to 12 spicules of uneven length and disorders in lipid metabolism

A

acanthocytes

60
Q

occur in fibrotic states of the marrow, hemolytic anemia, and as a result of certain drugs

A

dacryocytes

61
Q

develop from excess membrane, or a decrease in hemoglobin that result in a relative membrane increase

A

codocytes

62
Q

also seen in circumstances in which membrane is increased following a decrease in hemoglobin.

A

leptocytes and microcytes

63
Q

result from premature release of red cells usually in periods of erythropoietic stress like hemolytic anemia and hyperthyroidism

A

macrocytes

64
Q

result from membrane damage and the usual mechanism involves trapping of red cells in the circulation by fibrin

A

schizocytes

65
Q

They are common in vascular diseases, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

schizocytes

66
Q

associated with hemoglobinopathies and iron deficiency anemia, obstructive liver disease and cirrhosis

A

codocytes

67
Q

indicate red cells with increased central thickness and is recognized in peripheral blood smears by high staining of centers of cells with pale staining periphery

A

spherocytosis

68
Q

Membrane depletion, accelerated red cell aging resulting from pathologic processes, and immunohemolytic anemia are the major causes

A

spherocytosis

69
Q

indicates red cells with variable forms from spherical to almost rod-like in circulation

A

elliptocytosis

70
Q

form of anemia seen in parasitism

A

microcytic hypochromic

71
Q

form of anemia seen in gastric ulcers

A

microcytic hypochromic

72
Q

form of anemia seen in lead poisoning

A

normochromic or hypochromic
macrocytic or normocytic

73
Q

serves as an index of blood condition of the animal

A

hemoglobin determination

74
Q

If the hemoglobin [Hb] content falls below the normal levels, it indicates?

A

anemia, pregnancy

75
Q

If hemoglobin value increases to the normal value, it indicates?

A

polycythemia, decrease in O2 supply, heart disease, emphysema

76
Q

its objective is to enumerate the
total count of RBC/cumm of a
given blood sample

A

total count of rbc

77
Q

what are the lab findings of an animal diagnosed with hemophilia A

A

prolonged clotting time, deficient prothrombin consumption

78
Q

what will be the expected lab findings of a dog diagnosed with hemophilia C

A

prolonged APTT

79
Q

which hereditary coagulation factor deficiency has reduced Factor VIII level, reduced platelet adhesiveness, prolonged bleeding time

A

Von Willebrands’s disease or canine pseudohemophilia

80
Q

2 forms of canine pseudohemphilia

A
  1. autosomal incomplete dominant disease
  2. autosomal recessive disease
81
Q

what are the lab findings of a dog with Factor XII deficiency

A

prolonged APTT, coagulation time and recalcification time

82
Q

Deficiency of these coagulating factors predisposes the animal to bleeding tendencies and mange

A

Factor VII deficiency

83
Q

lab findings of an animal with hypofibrinogemia

A

prolonged clotting tests; prolonged ESR

84
Q

What are the lab findings of a boxer diagnosed with prothrombin or factor II deficiency

A

prolonged prothrombin time
and RVVT

85
Q

What are the laboratory findings of a dog with thrombasthenia or thrombocytopathia

A

abnormal whole blood and
serum clotting times, RVVT, and clot retraction

86
Q

What are the other conditions which suggest severe hepatic disease?

A
  1. thrombocytopenia
  2. decreased prothrombin (PF II) activity.
87
Q

A dog with decreased fibrinogen level indicates

A

advanced severe liver disease with poor prognosis

88
Q

What are the factors produced in the liver?

A

I, II, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

89
Q

Hgb definition

A

Hemoglobin concentration

90
Q

this is the volume of rbc per liter of whole blood

A

Hematocrit

91
Q

It indicates the average RBC size

A

Mean corpuscular volume

92
Q

defined as the average amount of Hgb per RBC

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

93
Q

It is the average concentration of Hgb per RBC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

94
Q

defined as the coefficient of variation of RBC size

A

Red cell distribution width

95
Q

Diseases associated with NORMOCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIA

A
  1. Chronic inflammation
  2. Nephritis with uremia
  3. Endocrine deficiencies
  4. Neoplasia
  5. Marrow hypoplasia
  6. Acute hemorrhage
  7. Feline leukemia virus
96
Q

Disease associated with MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC

A
  1. Vitamin B6 deficiency
  2. Copper deficiency
  3. Molybdenum poisoning
  4. chronic blood loss
  5. lack of iron
97
Q

These conditions are associated with MACROCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ANEMA

A
  1. Vit b12 deficiency
  2. Folate deficiency
  3. Cobalt deficiency
  4. Erythremic meylosis
98
Q

Etiology of relative polycythemia

A
  1. decrease in plasma volume due to dehydration or shock
  2. splenic contraction
99
Q

cause of primary absolute polycythemia or polycythemia vera

A

myeloproliferative disorder

100
Q

diagnosis of polycythemia vera requires demonstration of?

A

absolute increase in TEC with normal arterial blood oxygen

101
Q

etiology of secondary absolute polycythemia

A

lowered arterial saturation

102
Q
A

AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology (8 decks)

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