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AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology > Module1_Clinpath > Flashcards

Module1_Clinpath Flashcards

1
Q

An animal selected using defined criteria

A

reference individual

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2
Q

An adequate number of reference individuals selected to represent the reference population

A

reference sample group

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3
Q

value obtained by observation or measurement of a particular substance in a reference individual

A

reference value

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4
Q

distribution of reference values, not necessarily Gaussian

A

reference distribution

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5
Q

The lowest and highest values of the reference interval, derived from a reference distribution

A

reference limits

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6
Q

interval between and including the two reference limits

A

reference interval

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7
Q

value obtained by observation or measurement to be compared to the reference interval

A

observed value

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8
Q

difference between the highest and lowest observations

A

range

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9
Q

ability of an assay to get the same result if a sample is analyzed several times, also called reproducibility or random analytical error

A

analytical precision

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10
Q

Variability in the results when the same sample is analyzed multiple times

A

analytical imprecision

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11
Q

The ability of an assay to consistently provide accurate results

A

analytical precision and accuracy

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12
Q

ability of an assay to measure the intended analyte without interference from other substances

A

analytical specificity

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13
Q

smallest amount of substance that can be reliably detected by an assay

A

detection limit

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14
Q

Bullet holes are tightly grouped but off center, indicating consistent but inaccurate results

A

analytical precision

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15
Q

Bullet holes are spread out across the target, showing variability in the results

A

analytical imprecision

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16
Q

Bullet holes are tightly grouped in the center of the target, demonstrating both
consistency and accuracy in measurements

A

analytical precision and accuracy

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17
Q

Different shapes represent bullet holes on the target, suggesting that other factors than what is being measured could influence the results

A

analytical specificity

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18
Q

Varying sizes of bullet holes with some being very small, indicating the smallest change in size that can be reliably detected by an assay

A

detection limit

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19
Q

This chart specifically tracks the glucose control solution over 12 days

A

levy jennings chart

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20
Q

a graphical tool used in laboratories to monitor the quality control of assays over time

A

levy jennings chart

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21
Q

To compare a new method against a reference or established method

A

NCCLS bias plot

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22
Q

To compare two methods without assuming one is more accurate

A

altman bland bias plot

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23
Q

To compare the results of two HCO3 assays using the Deming regression method

A

deming method comparison

24
Q

ability of a test to correctly identify animals with a disease

A

diagnostic sensitivity

25
Q

The ability of a test to correctly identify animals without a disease

A

diagnostic specificity

26
Q

This measures the spread of the data

A

standard deviation

27
Q

The distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean, meaning the left and right sides of the curve are mirror images

A

symmetry

28
Q

a continuous
probability distribution that is
symmetric around its mean

A

gaussian distribution

29
Q

most expensive aspect of establishing reference intervals

A

determine the reference values

30
Q

amount required for EDTA

A

10-20 mg

31
Q

amount required for heparin

A

1-2 mg (0.2 ml of 1% solution)

32
Q

amount required for Na citrate

A

10-20 mg

33
Q

amount required for potassium oxalate

A

20 mg (2 drops of 20% solution)

34
Q

amount required for sodium oxalate

A

20 mg

35
Q

it is recommended for routine
hematological procedures, preserve cellular elements better

A

EDTa

36
Q

an anticoagulant that may shrinks cell
because Na salt is less soluble

A

EDTA

37
Q

cause clumping of WBC, unsuitable
for smears, as it interferes with stain ability of WBC

A

Heparin

38
Q

advantages of heparin

A

less effect on rbc hemolysis and used for blood gas analysis

39
Q

anticoagulant used for blood transfusion

A

Na citrate

40
Q

disadvantage of Na citrate

A

Interferes with many chemical tests,
shrink cells

41
Q

disadvantage of potassium oxalate

A

causes shrinkage of cell and increase the volume of the blood

42
Q

test tubes requiring clotted blood

A

red stopper tubes

43
Q

contain EDTA in concentrated liquid or desiccated powderform

A

lavender stopper tubes

44
Q

contain heparin and are used for blood gases, PH, (CO2, O2)

A

green stopper tubes

45
Q

test tubes contain oxalates, fluorides, or citrates

A

gray stopper tubes

46
Q

available with Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution or physiological saline
solution

A

yellow stopper tubes

47
Q

cause a false increase in total plasma protein content and a false
decrease in PCV and RBC count

A

short filled tubes

48
Q

Which animals can retro orbital venus plexus be implemented in taking blood sample

A

rat, mouse, guinea pig, and birds

49
Q

what is the best method to obtain large quantity of blood in mouse

A

retro orbital venus plexus

50
Q

aspiration of blood in the heart are practiced in which animals

A

birds, fishes

51
Q

commonest method used in obtaining blood sample from rat and mouse

A

amputation

52
Q

using the tail for obtaining blood sample are practiced in which species

A

pig, cattle, sheep, rat, mouse

53
Q

2 methods of obtaining blood sample in the tail of animals

A

venipuncture (coccygeal vein), amputatio

54
Q

aspiration of blood through toe or toe nail is practiced in these animals

A

small dog, guinea pig

55
Q

most commonly used site for collection of small amount of blood in the dog

A

cephalic vein

56
Q

most commonly used blood collection site in the horse, cattle, sheep, goat, camel and large wild mammal

A

jugular vein

57
Q

these species have blood that are more susceptible to hemolysis

A

swine

AA4 Clinical Vet Pathology (8 decks)

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