Module1_Clinpath

Question 1

An animal selected using defined criteria

Answer 1

reference individual

Question 2

An adequate number of reference individuals selected to represent the reference population

Answer 2

reference sample group

Question 3

value obtained by observation or measurement of a particular substance in a reference individual

Answer 3

reference value

Question 4

distribution of reference values, not necessarily Gaussian

Answer 4

reference distribution

Question 5

The lowest and highest values of the reference interval, derived from a reference distribution

Answer 5

reference limits

Question 6

interval between and including the two reference limits

Answer 6

reference interval

Question 7

value obtained by observation or measurement to be compared to the reference interval

Answer 7

observed value

Question 8

difference between the highest and lowest observations

Answer 8

range

Question 9

ability of an assay to get the same result if a sample is analyzed several times, also called reproducibility or random analytical error

Answer 9

analytical precision

Question 10

Variability in the results when the same sample is analyzed multiple times

Answer 10

analytical imprecision

Question 11

The ability of an assay to consistently provide accurate results

Answer 11

analytical precision and accuracy

Question 12

ability of an assay to measure the intended analyte without interference from other substances

Answer 12

analytical specificity

Question 13

smallest amount of substance that can be reliably detected by an assay

Answer 13

detection limit

Question 14

Bullet holes are tightly grouped but off center, indicating consistent but inaccurate results

Answer 14

analytical precision

Question 15

Bullet holes are spread out across the target, showing variability in the results

Answer 15

analytical imprecision

Question 16

Bullet holes are tightly grouped in the center of the target, demonstrating both
consistency and accuracy in measurements

Answer 16

analytical precision and accuracy

Question 17

Different shapes represent bullet holes on the target, suggesting that other factors than what is being measured could influence the results

Answer 17

analytical specificity

Question 18

Varying sizes of bullet holes with some being very small, indicating the smallest change in size that can be reliably detected by an assay

Answer 18

detection limit

Question 19

This chart specifically tracks the glucose control solution over 12 days

Answer 19

levy jennings chart

Question 20

a graphical tool used in laboratories to monitor the quality control of assays over time

Answer 20

levy jennings chart

Question 21

To compare a new method against a reference or established method

Answer 21

NCCLS bias plot

Question 22

To compare two methods without assuming one is more accurate

Answer 22

altman bland bias plot

Question 23

To compare the results of two HCO3 assays using the Deming regression method

Answer 23

deming method comparison

Question 24

ability of a test to correctly identify animals with a disease

Answer 24

diagnostic sensitivity

Question 25

The ability of a test to correctly identify animals without a disease

Answer 25

diagnostic specificity

Question 26

This measures the spread of the data

Answer 26

standard deviation

Question 27

The distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean, meaning the left and right sides of the curve are mirror images

Answer 27

symmetry

Question 28

a continuous probability distribution that is symmetric around its mean

Answer 28

gaussian distribution

Question 29

most expensive aspect of establishing reference intervals

Answer 29

determine the reference values

Question 30

amount required for EDTA

Answer 30

10-20 mg

Question 31

amount required for heparin

Answer 31

1-2 mg (0.2 ml of 1% solution)

Question 32

amount required for Na citrate

Answer 32

10-20 mg

Question 33

amount required for potassium oxalate

Answer 33

20 mg (2 drops of 20% solution)

Question 34

amount required for sodium oxalate

Answer 34

20 mg

Question 35

it is recommended for routine hematological procedures, preserve cellular elements better

Answer 35

EDTa

Question 36

an anticoagulant that may shrinks cell because Na salt is less soluble

Answer 36

EDTA

Question 37

cause clumping of WBC, unsuitable for smears, as it interferes with stain ability of WBC

Answer 37

Heparin

Question 38

advantages of heparin

Answer 38

less effect on rbc hemolysis and used for blood gas analysis

Question 39

anticoagulant used for blood transfusion

Answer 39

Na citrate

Question 40

disadvantage of Na citrate

Answer 40

Interferes with many chemical tests, shrink cells

Question 41

disadvantage of potassium oxalate

Answer 41

causes shrinkage of cell and increase the volume of the blood

Question 42

test tubes requiring clotted blood

Answer 42

red stopper tubes

Question 43

contain EDTA in concentrated liquid or desiccated powderform

Answer 43

lavender stopper tubes

Question 44

contain heparin and are used for blood gases, PH, (CO2, O2)

Answer 44

green stopper tubes

Question 45

test tubes contain oxalates, fluorides, or citrates

Answer 45

gray stopper tubes

Question 46

available with Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution or physiological saline solution

Answer 46

yellow stopper tubes

Question 47

cause a false increase in total plasma protein content and a false decrease in PCV and RBC count

Answer 47

short filled tubes

Question 48

Which animals can retro orbital venus plexus be implemented in taking blood sample

Answer 48

rat, mouse, guinea pig, and birds

Question 49

what is the best method to obtain large quantity of blood in mouse

Answer 49

retro orbital venus plexus

Question 50

aspiration of blood in the heart are practiced in which animals

Answer 50

birds, fishes

Question 51

commonest method used in obtaining blood sample from rat and mouse

Answer 51

amputation

Question 52

using the tail for obtaining blood sample are practiced in which species

Answer 52

pig, cattle, sheep, rat, mouse

Question 53

2 methods of obtaining blood sample in the tail of animals

Answer 53

venipuncture (coccygeal vein), amputatio

Question 54

aspiration of blood through toe or toe nail is practiced in these animals

Answer 54

small dog, guinea pig

Question 55

most commonly used site for collection of small amount of blood in the dog

Answer 55

cephalic vein

Question 56

most commonly used blood collection site in the horse, cattle, sheep, goat, camel and large wild mammal

Answer 56

jugular vein

Question 57

these species have blood that are more susceptible to hemolysis

Answer 57

swine