Module1_Clinpath Flashcards
An animal selected using defined criteria
reference individual
An adequate number of reference individuals selected to represent the reference population
reference sample group
value obtained by observation or measurement of a particular substance in a reference individual
reference value
distribution of reference values, not necessarily Gaussian
reference distribution
The lowest and highest values of the reference interval, derived from a reference distribution
reference limits
interval between and including the two reference limits
reference interval
value obtained by observation or measurement to be compared to the reference interval
observed value
difference between the highest and lowest observations
range
ability of an assay to get the same result if a sample is analyzed several times, also called reproducibility or random analytical error
analytical precision
Variability in the results when the same sample is analyzed multiple times
analytical imprecision
The ability of an assay to consistently provide accurate results
analytical precision and accuracy
ability of an assay to measure the intended analyte without interference from other substances
analytical specificity
smallest amount of substance that can be reliably detected by an assay
detection limit
Bullet holes are tightly grouped but off center, indicating consistent but inaccurate results
analytical precision
Bullet holes are spread out across the target, showing variability in the results
analytical imprecision
Bullet holes are tightly grouped in the center of the target, demonstrating both
consistency and accuracy in measurements
analytical precision and accuracy
Different shapes represent bullet holes on the target, suggesting that other factors than what is being measured could influence the results
analytical specificity
Varying sizes of bullet holes with some being very small, indicating the smallest change in size that can be reliably detected by an assay
detection limit
This chart specifically tracks the glucose control solution over 12 days
levy jennings chart
a graphical tool used in laboratories to monitor the quality control of assays over time
levy jennings chart
To compare a new method against a reference or established method
NCCLS bias plot
To compare two methods without assuming one is more accurate
altman bland bias plot
To compare the results of two HCO3 assays using the Deming regression method
deming method comparison
ability of a test to correctly identify animals with a disease
diagnostic sensitivity
The ability of a test to correctly identify animals without a disease
diagnostic specificity
This measures the spread of the data
standard deviation
The distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean, meaning the left and right sides of the curve are mirror images
symmetry
a continuous
probability distribution that is
symmetric around its mean
gaussian distribution
most expensive aspect of establishing reference intervals
determine the reference values
amount required for EDTA
10-20 mg
amount required for heparin
1-2 mg (0.2 ml of 1% solution)
amount required for Na citrate
10-20 mg
amount required for potassium oxalate
20 mg (2 drops of 20% solution)
amount required for sodium oxalate
20 mg
it is recommended for routine
hematological procedures, preserve cellular elements better
EDTa
an anticoagulant that may shrinks cell
because Na salt is less soluble
EDTA
cause clumping of WBC, unsuitable
for smears, as it interferes with stain ability of WBC
Heparin
advantages of heparin
less effect on rbc hemolysis and used for blood gas analysis
anticoagulant used for blood transfusion
Na citrate
disadvantage of Na citrate
Interferes with many chemical tests,
shrink cells
disadvantage of potassium oxalate
causes shrinkage of cell and increase the volume of the blood
test tubes requiring clotted blood
red stopper tubes
contain EDTA in concentrated liquid or desiccated powderform
lavender stopper tubes
contain heparin and are used for blood gases, PH, (CO2, O2)
green stopper tubes
test tubes contain oxalates, fluorides, or citrates
gray stopper tubes
available with Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution or physiological saline
solution
yellow stopper tubes
cause a false increase in total plasma protein content and a false
decrease in PCV and RBC count
short filled tubes
Which animals can retro orbital venus plexus be implemented in taking blood sample
rat, mouse, guinea pig, and birds
what is the best method to obtain large quantity of blood in mouse
retro orbital venus plexus
aspiration of blood in the heart are practiced in which animals
birds, fishes
commonest method used in obtaining blood sample from rat and mouse
amputation
using the tail for obtaining blood sample are practiced in which species
pig, cattle, sheep, rat, mouse
2 methods of obtaining blood sample in the tail of animals
venipuncture (coccygeal vein), amputatio
aspiration of blood through toe or toe nail is practiced in these animals
small dog, guinea pig
most commonly used site for collection of small amount of blood in the dog
cephalic vein
most commonly used blood collection site in the horse, cattle, sheep, goat, camel and large wild mammal
jugular vein
these species have blood that are more susceptible to hemolysis
swine
