Module One Flashcards
What is the first priority of the EMT on the scene of an emergency?
TO ENSURE PERSONAL SAFETY
An EMT is an operating as a designated agent of the ______________________
MEDICAL DIRECTOR
The _________________ is legally responsible for the clinical and patient-care aspects of an EMS system.
MEDICAL DIRECTOR
The first concern of an EMT always must be __________________ safety.
PERSONAL
What is the term used for a policy set by an EMS medical director that allows EMTs to administer glucose to patients in certain circumstances without speaking to the physician?
STANDING ORDER
An order from an EMS system’s on-duty physician given by radio or phone is an example of _________________
ON-LINE MEDICAL DIRECTION
The level of EMS that involves medical training for those who are usually first on the scene of an emergency is _________________
EMERGENCY MEDICAL RESPONDER
Most EMT courses today are based on models developed by the _______________
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
The system of internal and external reviews and audits for all aspects of an emergency medical system is known as what?
Quality Improvement (QI)
The aspect of the EMT’s job that involves protecting the patient’s right is called __________________
ADVOCACY
The stage of the dying process that can be characterized by the words “Why me?” is known as ________________
ANGER
While working in the EMS what is the type of emergency call likely to produce extreme levels of stress?
INJURY OR DEATH OF A COWORKER
What is the goal of CISD?
To assist emergency care workers in dealing with stress.
A less structured version of the CISD, which may be held from 1 to 4 hours after an incident and before the formal debriefing, is called a(n) _________________
DEFUSING
What is the stage of grieving in which a patient seeks to postpone death, even for a short time?
BARGAINING
What is the term that most specifically describes organisms that can cause infectious diseases?
PATHOGENS
Which of the following concepts is used by OSHA, and based on the assumption that any patient’s blood and body fluids can transmit infectious disease?
- *Universal Standards
- *Risk Management
- *Preventive Controls
- *Standard Precautions
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Which of the following would be used as personal protective equipment to prevent infection with a bloodborne disease?
- *turnout gear
- *a “sharps” container
- *disposable exam gloves
- *hospital grade disinfectant
DISPOSABLE EXAM GLOVES
Which of the following is the best way to protect yourself from exposure when caring for a patient with known or suspected active tuberculosis?
- wear a surgical face mask
- place an oxygen mask on the patient
- wear a HEPA mask
- place a surgical mask on the patient
WEAR A HEPA MASK
Lifestyle changes that can help an EMT deal with stress include all of the following except
- cut down on sugar, fat, and caffeine
- avoid exercise in your daily routine
- avoid self medication
- keep balance in your life
AVOID EXERCISE IN YOUR DAILY ROUTINE
Which of the following materials is NOT recommended for gloves to be used when there is the potential for contact with blood and other body fluids?
- latex
- vinyl
- cotton
- synthetics
COTTON
Equipment used as BSI precaution includes all of the following EXCEPT
- a HEPA respirator
- vinyl gloves
- cotton scrub pants
- goggles
COTTON SCRUB PANTS
What is the process by which an object is subject to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms on the surface?
STERILIZATION
A situation that would usually call for the use of a gown as protection would be one involving a _________________
CHILDBIRTH
Where is one supposed to dispose of all needles immediately after use?
A DESIGNATED “SHARPS” CONTAINER
What is the single most important way an EMT can prevent the spread of infection?
HAND WASHING
In general, what should an EMT do before entering a hazardous materials scene?
Call for a specialized HAZMAT team
What is the test that can detect exposure tuberculosis?
PPT
What is one to do if there is a suspected potential for violence at the scene?
CALL LAW ENFORCEMENT
What should vehicles, structures, and storage containers holding hazardous materials be identified by?
SIGNS OR PLACARDS
Dying patients experience what five emotional stages?
DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPRESSION ACCEPTANCE
A(n) ______________________ is a single incident in which there are multiple patients.
MULTIPLE-CASUALTY INCIDENT
____________________ is brought about by work-related problems in an emotionally charged environment and can lead to burnout.
CHRONIC STRESS
________________ _____________, which include deep-breathing exercises and meditation, are valuable stress reducers
RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
Held within 24-72 hours of a critical incident, a(n) _________________ ____________ __________ ____________ is a process in which a team of trained peer counselors and mental health professionals meet with rescuers and health care providers who have been involved in the incident.
CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS DEBREIFING
What is the state of emotional exhaustion and irritability that can markedly decrease an EMT’s effectiveness in delivering medical care?
BURNOUT
According to the U.S. Public Health Service, most contaminants can be removed from the skin with ______________________
10 TO 15 seconds of vigorous hand washing
______________________ are spread by tiny droplets sprayed during breathing, coughing, or sneezing
AIRBORNE PATHOGENS
What is the strict for form of infection control for emergency personnel?
BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION
In addition to eye protection, gloves, and a mask, another item of personal protective equipment that should be worn when there may be significant contact with blood or other body fluids is a(n) ______________________
GOWN
As an advance safety precaution, an EMT should have a ________________ ____________ _____________ test for TB every year
PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE
The level of cleaning for items such as backboards and cervical collars, which come in contact with the intact skin of patients, is ____________________________
DISINFECTION
EMS personnel treating a patient suspected of having TB should use a(n) __________________
HEPA RESPIRATOR
Before entering scenes involving domestic disputes, gang fights, or bar fights, an EMT should first do what?
CALL LAW ENFORCEMENT
When approaching a wrecked vehicle that may be carrying hazardous materials, use binoculars to try to find ______________ or ___________________ signs that can identify the material as hazardous
PLACARDS
SIGNS
________________ are mentally competent adults of legal age who accept care from an EMS crew that have said to give consent
EXPRESSED CONSENT
EMS personnel can treat unconscious patients because the law holds that rational patients would consent to treatment if they were conscious. This principle is known as _______________ consent
IMPLIED CONSENT
Minors who are married or of a certain age and who are legally able to give consent for medical care are known as _____________________
EMANCIPATED
When a patient refuses care, he or she must sign a(n) ________________
RELEASE FROM LIABILITY FORM
A legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resucitative efforts, is called a(n) _________________
DNR order
A person whom the signer of a document names to make health care decisions for her in case the signer is unable to make such decisions for herself is known as a(n) _____________________
PROXY
Legislative measures intended to provide legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel who administer emergency care are known as ______________
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
An EMT’s obligation in certain situations to provide care to a patient is referred to as a(n) __________________
DUTY TO ACT
If a jury finds that an EMT had a duty to a patient, that he failed to carry out that duty properly, and that his action caused harm to the patient, the EMT could be convicted of __________________________
NEGLIGENCE
A living will is one example of a(n) _____________
ADVANCE DIRECTIVE
The principle that information about a patient’s history, condition, or treatment must not be shared with unauthorized parties is called ________________
CONFIDENTIALITY
If you discover that a critically injured patient is an organ donor, as an EMT, you should _________________
CONTACT MEDICAL DIRECTION
Once police have made the scene safe, the priority of the EMT at a crime scene is to _____________________
PROVIDE PATIENT CARE
Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training is known as _________________
ABANDONMENT
The actions and care that an EMT is legally allowed to perform are referred to as ________________
SCOPE OF PRACTICE
When dealing with children and mentally incompetent adults, the _________________ or _______________ have the legal authority to give consent
PARENTS OR GUARDIANS
Minors who are married or who meet certain other criteria that allow them to legally give consent as an adult would are called _________________ minors
EMANCIPATED
Failure to provide the standard of care is one of the elements that must be proved in a case involving a charge of __________________ against an EMT
NEGLIGENCE
If all efforts fail and the patient does not accept your care or transportation, you must have the patient sign a(n) ___________________
REFUSAL OF TREATMENT FORM
To refuse care, a patient must be _________________ to make decisions and demonstrate that he understands the risks of refusing treatment
COMPETENT
An EMT who is on an ambulance and is dispatched to call clearly has a(n) ____________________
DUTY TO ACT
In many states, an off-duty EMT has no legal obligation to provide ____________________
EMERGENCY CARE
If the EMT is off duty and begins care, then leaes the patient before other trained personnel arrive, he may be considered to have ________________________
ABANDONED THE PATIENT
Laws that provide immunity from liability to persons who stop to help in an emergency are known as __________________
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
The only time that confidential information about a patient may be disclosed is when the patient has signed a(n) ____________________
WRITTEN RELEASE
A person who has signed a legal document to allow his organs and tissues to be harvested for transplantation to another person is called an ____________________
ORGAN DONOR
Obvious signs of death, with which resuscitative efforts do not have to be made, include decomposition of the body, dependent lividity, __________________ and __________________
DECAPITATION and RIGOR MORTIS
All of the following are purposes served by patient care report documentation except
- prevention of lawsuits
- continuity of care
- quality assurance
- reimbursement
PREVENTION OF LAWSUITS
The paper or electronic record of an EMT’s documentation of a call is known informally as a _______________
PCR (patient care report)
Which of the following is least likely to be the fate of a patient care report?
- evidence in a legal case
- part of the hospital’s permanent records
- data in a research project
- private property controlled by the patient
PRIVATE PROPERTY CONTROLLED BY A PATIENT
Administrative information on a PCR is often referred to as _____________________
RUN DATA
The standardized information that should be collected on all PCRs is called the _________________
MINIMUM DATA SET
Which federal agency has developed a list of minimum data elements to be collected on patient care reports?
Department of transportation (DOT)
In which section of a patient care report would an EMT record the time the emergency unit left the scene?
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
Which of the following elements of patient information is not provided in a radio report but must be provided on a patient care report?
- name and address
- age and sex
- chief complaint
- vital signs
NAME AND ADDRESS
All of the following are included in the patient narrative section of a prehospital care report EXCEPT
- billing information
- chief complaint
- pertinent negatives
- SAMPLE history
BILLING INFORMATION
What is the recommended punctuation mark when writing the patient’s chief complaint?
QUOTATION MARKS
All of the following should be found in a well-written narrative EXCEPT
- pertinent negatives
- radio codes
- scene information
- standardized abbreviations
RADIO CODES
The EMT may provide confidential information to all of the following EXCEPT
- the patient’s family
- the emergency department nurse
- a court under a subpoena
- the police in a criminal investigation
THE PATIENT’S FAMILY
If a competent patient refuses care or transport, an EMT should __________________
DOCUMENT THE REFUSAL
Incorrect information in a prehospital care report should be ______________________
CROSSED OUT WITH A SINGLE LINE
During a multiple-casualty incident (MCI), patient information is usually passed along by ___________________
TRIAGE TAGS
The important part of an EMT’s care, in which he records a variety of information that serves administrative, educational, and research uses, is called the ________________
PATIENT CARE REPORT
To ensure that patient care meets current medical and organizational standards, most EMS agencies have a ______________________ system in place
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
The U.S. Department of Transportation calls the information it wants on all PCRs the ___________________
MINIMUM DATA SET
When a bystander or patient gives information, such as a statement about what happened or the patient’s chief complaint, you should consider using ________________ to show that you are recording the words of the bystander or patient
QUOTATION MARKS
When you have examined an area of the body and did not notice any signs of illness or injury that would be expected in a patient with a given complaint, you record this information as __________________
PERTINENT NEGATIVES
You must avoid allowing others to see or obtain a PCR because the information contained in it is considered ________________
CONFIDENTIAL
If a patient declines emergency treatment or transport, he should be asked to sign a(n) __________________
REFUSAL OF TREATMENT FORM
In a multiple-casualy incident (MCI), patient information is often passed through the system in the form of _____________________
TRIAGE TAGS
The initial communication EMT’s receive about an emergency call comes from _______________
DISPATCH
The two-way radio located at a hospital or dispatch center is a ___________________
BASE STATION
All of the following should be included in a radio medical report except
- name and address
- age and sex
- mental status
- chief complaint
NAME AND ADDRESS
The federal agency that assigns and licenses radio frequencies used by EMS units is the ___________
FCC
If an order from medical direction appears to be inappropriate, the EMT should ____________
TACTFULLY QUESTION IT
The principles of radio communication encourage transmissions that make use of __________________
COURTESIES SUCH AS “THANK YOU”
To keep emergency frequencies open, an EMT should pause for several seconds if a transmission takes longer than _____________________
30 SECONDS
To help calm a patient, an EMT should __________________
EXPLAIN ALL PROCEDURES
In assessing a child, an EMT should ______________
CROUCH AT THE CHILD’S LEVEL
If an on-line physician orders medication, an EMT should ____________________
REPEAT BACK THE ORDER WORD FOR WORD
The important part of an EMT’s care, in which he records a variety of information that serves administrative, educational, and research uses, is called _______________
DOCUMENTATION
A recent development in prehospital care reports is the _______________
ELECTRONIC CLIPBOARD
A PCR is a _______________________ that can sometimes find its way into either criminal or civil court cases
LEGAL DOCUMENT
To ensure that patient care meets current medical and organizational standards, most EMS agencies have a _________________ system in place
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
The U.S. Department of Transportation calls the information it wants on all PCRs the ________________
MINIMUM DATA SET
The ________________ information includes unit numbers, date, times, call number, and crew member names.
ADMINISTRATIVE
The patient’s name, address, sex, age, and any care provided before the EMT arrived are called __________________
PATIENT DATA
Statements that can be measured or verified are called ______________ statements
OBJECTIVE
Statements that reflect opinion are called __________ statements
SUBJECTIVE
When a clock shows the right time, it is called ____________________
ACCURATE
When all clocks being used show the same time, they are called ______________________
SYNCHRONOUS
When a bystander or patient gives information, such as a statement about what happened or the patient’s chief complaint, you should consider using ____________________ to show that you are recording the words of the bystander or patient.
QUOTATION MARKS
When you have examined an area of the body and did not notice any signs of illness or injury that would be expected in a patient with a given complaint, you record this information as __________________
PERTINENT NEGATIVES
At least ______________ complete sets of vital signs should be taken and recorded
TWO
If a patient declines emergency treatment or transport, he should be asked to sign a ___________________
REFUSAL-OF-CARE FORM
You must avoid allowing others to see or obtain a PCR because the information contained in it is considered __________________
CONFIDENTIAL
In a MCI, patient information is often apssed through the system in the form of ___________________
TRIAGE TAGS
A fixed site that serves as a dispatch and coordination area is a ________________
BASE STATION
A __________________ breaks down sound into digital codes
ENCODER
A __________________ only responds to encoder codes
DECODER
A ______________ allows EMTs to be in touch with the members of the EMS while they are away from the ambulance
PORTABLE RADIO
In the event of power failure or malfunction, EMS systems should have ______________
BACK UP RADIOS
The federal agency that assigns radio frequencies and oversees radio communications is the _______________
FCC
After receiving an order from medical direction to administer medication, the EMT should __________________
REPEAT THE ORDER WORD FOR WORD
At the conclusion of a call, the EMTs should notify _________________ of their return to the station
DISPATCH
When caring for a patient with a hearing loss, be sure that your _______________ are visible or see if relatives can _____________ using American Sign Language
LIPS
SIGN
The EMT should never use the patient’s ___________________ in radio transmissions
NAME
A handheld, two-way radio
PORTABLE RADIO
Federal agency that assigns and licenses radio frequencies
FCC
A two way radio mounted on a vehicle
MOBILE RADIO
A unit of measurement for radio output
WATT
A type of portable phone
CELL PHONE
A two way radio at a fixed site, such as a hospital
BASE STATION
A member of the EMS system who receives the initial call for help
EMD
Patient information sent while en route to the hospital
RADIO REPORT
A device that picks up radio signals from lower power units
REPEATER
Patient information given at the hospital
ORAL REPORT
