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Clinical Anatomy > Module 9 - Leg > Flashcards

Module 9 - Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organization of the crural fascia?

A
  • synonymous with ante brachial fascia of forearm
  • has 3 crural intermuscular septa

anterior: separtates anterior and lateral compartments

posterior: separates lateral and posterior compartments

transverse: separates supererficial and deep posterior compartments

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2
Q

What are the attachments and functions of the superior extensor retinaculum?

A
  • extends from distal tibia to distal fibula
  • holds anterior compartment tendons in place (EDL, EHL, TA)
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3
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A
  • holds anterior compartment tendons in place (EDL, EHL, TA)
  • extends from calcaneus to navicular bone and medial malleolus
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4
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the superior fibular retinaculum?

A
  • prevents movement of lateral compartment tendons (FL, FB)
  • extends from lateral malleolus to calcaneus
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5
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the inferior fibular retinaculum?

A
  • prevents movement of lateral compartment tendons (FL, FB)
  • extends from inferior extensor retinaculum to calcaneus
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6
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

A
  • extends from medial malleolus to calcaneus, forming tarsal tunnel
  • hold and maintain posterior compartment tendons
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7
Q

Where does the popliteal artery bifurcate?

A
  • at the popliteus muscle into anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
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8
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A
  • anterior
  • lateral
  • posterior superficial
    -posterior deep
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9
Q

What are the contents, actions, blood supply, and innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

content
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius

action
- dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension
- ankle eversion if fibularis tertius is isolated

innervation
- deep fibular nerve

blood supply
- anterior tibial artery

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10
Q

What are the contents, actions, innervation, and blood supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

content
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis

action
- eversion
- plantarflexion
(tendons posterior to fibula)

innervation
- superficial fibular nerve

blood supply
- fibular artery

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11
Q

What are the contents, actions, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior-superficial compartment of the leg?

A

content
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris

actions
- plantar flexion
- knee flexion (weak)

innervation
- tibial nerve

blood supply
- posterior tibial artery

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12
Q

What are the contents, actions, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior-deep compartment of the leg?

A

content
- popliteus
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- tibialis posterior

actions
- plantar flexion
- inversion
- toe flexion
- knee flexion

innervation
- tibial nerve

blood supply
- posterior tibial artery

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13
Q

What are the anterior crural muscles?

A
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
  • tibialis anterior
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14
Q

What are the OIANs of extensor digitorum longus?

A

origin: lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4th of the fibula and crural interosseous membrane

insert: dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5

action: dorsiflexion, extend digits 2-5 (IP & MP)

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

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15
Q

What are the OIANs of extensor hallucis longus?

A

origin: middle 1/2 of the fibular surface and crural interosseous membrane

insert: distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe

action: dorsiflexion, extend great toe (MP & IP)

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

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16
Q

What are the OIANs of fibularis tertius?

A

origin: distal fibula and crural interosseous membrane

insert: base of the 5th metarsal

action: dorsiflexion, evert foot

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

17
Q

What are the OIANs of the tibialis anterior?

A

origin: lateral condyle and proximal 2/3 of the tibia’s lateral surface and crural interosseous membrane

insert: medial cuneiform and adjacent 1st metatarsal

action: dorsiflex ankle, invert foot

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

18
Q

What are the spinal level innervations of the anterior crural muscles?

A

deep fibular n: L4-5, S1

19
Q

What are the lateral crural muscles?

A
  • fibularis longus and brevis
20
Q

What are the OIANs of fibularis longus?

A

origin: head of the proximal 2/3 of the fibula

insert: lateral aspects of the 1st metatarsal and adjacent medial cuneiform

action: evert foot, plantar flexion, and depresses 1st metatarsal head

innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

21
Q

What are the OIANs of the fibularis brevis muscle?

A

origin: distal 2/3 of the fibula

insert: lateral base of 5th metatarsal

action: evert foot, plantar flexion

innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

22
Q

What are the posterior crural muscles?

A
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • gastrocnemius
  • planteris
  • popliteus
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
23
Q

What are the OIANs of flexor digitorum longus?

A

origin: posterior tibia distal to the soleal line

insert: plantar surface of the distal phalangeal bases

action: plantar flexion, flex digits 2-5 (MP & IP)

innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)

24
Q

What are the OIANs of flexor hallucis longus?

A

origin: distal 2/3 of the posterior fibular surface and crural interosseous membrane

insert: plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of 1st toe

action: plantarflexion, flex great toe (MP & IP)

innervation: tibial nerve (L5, S1-2)

25
Q

What are the OIANs of gastrocnemius?

A

origin: posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and joint capsules

insert: posterior calcanea surface

action: flexes knee, plantar flexion

nerve: tibial (S1-2)

26
Q

What are the OIANs of plantaris?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar line

insert: posterior calcanea surface

action: flexes knee and plantar flexion

nerve: tibial nerve (L4-5, S1)

27
Q

What are the OIANs of popliteus?

A

origin: lateral femoral condyle and oblique popliteal ligament

insert: soleal line of tibia

action: in NWB, medial rotation of tibia and knee flexion; in WB insertion is fixed: lateral rotation of femur and knee flexion; unlocks knee from extension into early flexion

nerve: tibial nerve (L4-5-S1)

28
Q

What are the OIANs of the soleus?

A

origin: posterior aspect of the head and proximal 1/4 of the fibula and tibial soleal line

insert: posterior calcaneal surface

action: plantar flexion

nerve: tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)

29
Q

What are the OIANs of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A

origin: crural interosseous membrane, lateral surface and medial fibular surface

insert: navicular, medial, intermediate cuneiforms and bases of metatarsals 2-4

actions: invert fot and plantarflex

nerve: tibial nerve (L4-5-S1)

30
Q

What is the path taken by the commonfibular nerve?

A
  • deep to proximal fibularis longus, curves lateral to neck of fibula, splits deep to fibularis longus
31
Q

What is the path taken by the superficial fibular nerve?

A
  • begins bifurcation of common fib n
  • supplies fibularis longus and brevis
  • emerges as cutaneous branch
32
Q

What is the path taken by the deep fibular nerve?

A
  • approaches interosseous membrane
  • between tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus
  • descends with anterior tivital artery
33
Q

What is the path taken by the tibial nerve?

A
  • joins popliteal v. and a.
  • continues with posterior tibial artery
  • gives off sural nerve
  • splits into lateral and medial plantar n in foot
34
Q

What are the ligaments of the crural region?

A
  • interosseous membrane
  • talocrural fibrous capsule
  • medial collateral (deltoid)
  • lateral ligaments
35
Q

What are the attachments of the crural interosseous membrane?

A
  • from interosseous border of the tibia to the interosseous border of the fibula
36
Q

What are the attachments of the talocrural fibrous capsule?

A
  • from the borders of the articular surfaces of tibia and malleoli to the margins of the trochlear surface of the talus
37
Q

What are the attachments and functions of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle?

A
  • from the medial malleolus to the talus, navicular and sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous
  • stablize joint and resists forced eversion
38
Q

What is the function of the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

stablize joint and resist inversion

39
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A
  • posterior talofibular
  • calcaneofibular
  • lateral talocalcaneal
  • anterior talofibular

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

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