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Clinical Anatomy > Module 3: Posterior Forearm, Hand, and Wrist > Flashcards

Module 3: Posterior Forearm, Hand, and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of the brachioradialis?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insert: distal radius, lateral to styloid process

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2
Q

What nerve innervates brachioradialis?

A

radial c5-6

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3
Q

What is the action of brachioradialis?

A

flex elbow

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4
Q

What are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insert: base of 2nd metacarpal

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5
Q

What nerve innervates extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

radial c6-8

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6
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

extend wrist, radial deviation, flex elbow

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7
Q

What are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insert: base of 3rd metacarpal

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8
Q

What nerve innervates extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

radial c6-8

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9
Q

What are the actions of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

extend wrist and radial deviation

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10
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digitorum?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle
insert: extensor expansion of digits 2-5

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11
Q

What nerve innervates extensor digitorum?

A

radial c6-8

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12
Q

What are the actions of extensor digitorum?

A

extend phalanges and wrist

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13
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digiti minimi?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle
insert: digital expansion of 5th digit

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14
Q

What nerve innervates extensor digiti minimi?

A

radial c7-8

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15
Q

What are the actions of extensor digiti minimi?

A

extend 5th digit

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16
Q

What are the attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle
insert: base of 5th metacarpal

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17
Q

What nerve innervates extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

radial c6-8

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18
Q

What are the actions of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

extend wrist and ulnar deviation

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19
Q

What are the superficial posterior forearm muscles?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
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20
Q

What are the attachments of supinator?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, supinator crest of ulna
insert: lateral surface of proximal radius

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the supinator?

A

radial nerve c5-6

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22
Q

What is the action of the supinator?

A

supinates forearm

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23
Q

What are the attachments of extensor indicis?

A

origin: posterior surface of ulna + interosseous membrane
insert: digital expansion of 2nd digit

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24
Q

What nerve innervates extensor indicis?

A

radial c7-8

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25
Q

What is the action of extensor indicis?

A

extend 2nd digit

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26
Q

What are the 2 deep posterior forearm muscles?

A
  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
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27
Q

What are the attachments of abductor pollicis longus?

A

origin: proximal posterior radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
insert: base of 1st metacarpal + trapezium

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28
Q

What nerve innervates abductor pollicis longus?

A

radial c6-8

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29
Q

What are the actions of abductor pollicis longus?

A

abducts + extend thumb of carpometacarpal joint + radial deviation

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30
Q

What are the attachments of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: middle 1/3 of posterior surface of ulna + interosseous membrane
insert: base of 1st distal phalanx

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31
Q

What nerve innervates extensor pollicis longus?

A

radial c6-8

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32
Q

What are the actions of extensor pollicis longus?

A

extend thumb

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33
Q

What are the attachments of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

origin: posterior radial surface + interosseous membrane
insert: base of 1st proximal phalanx

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34
Q

What nerve innervates extensor pollicis brevis?

A

radial c6-8

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35
Q

What are the actions of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

extend thumb + extend and abduct CMC joint

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36
Q

What are the outcropping muscles of the forearm?

A

-abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- abductor pollicis brevis

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37
Q

What happens to the radial nerve when it bifurcates?

A
  • superficial branch becomes the cutaneous nerve
  • deep radial nerve passes through the supinator and becomes the posterior interosseous nerve
38
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum and its role?

A
  • thickening of ante brachial fascia
  • directs tendons in precise way for precise movement of the digits and prevents bowstringing
39
Q

What are the general actions of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

extension and supination of wrist/forearm

40
Q

What is the neurovasculature of the posterior forearm?

A
  • posterior interosseous nerve and artery
  • recurrent interosseous artery
41
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
42
Q

What are the attachments abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Origin: the transverse carpal lig.
Insert: to the radial side of the base of the proximal
phalanx of the thumb and tubercle of trapezium

43
Q

What are the actions of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

abduct thumb

44
Q

What nerve innervates abductor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent branch of median c6-t1

45
Q

What are the attachments of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Origin: the transverse carpal lig. & trapezium
Insert: to the radial side of the base of
the proximal phalanx of the thumb; deep head blends with opponens pollicis

46
Q

What nerve innervates flexor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent branch of median nerve (superficial head) c6-t1

deep branch of ulnar nerve (deep head) c8-t1

47
Q

What are the actions of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

abduct thumb

48
Q

What are the actions of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

flex MCP thumb

49
Q

What are the attachment opponens pollicis?

A

Origin: the transverse carpal lig. & trapezium
Insert: to the palmar surface of the 1st
metacarpal

50
Q

What nerve innervates opponens pollicis?

A

recurrent br of median n c6-t1

51
Q

What Is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

thumb opposition

52
Q

What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?

A
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi
53
Q

What are the attachments of opponens digiti minimi?

A

from the hook of the hamate to the ulnar margin of the shaft of the 5th
metacarpal

54
Q

What nerve innervates opponens digiti minimi?

A

deep br of ulnar nerve c8-t1

55
Q

What is the action of opponens digiti minimi?

A

opposition of pinky

56
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

from the hamate to the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of
the 5th digit

57
Q

What nerve innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

deep br of ulnar c8-t1

58
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

flex MCP of pinky

59
Q

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

A

from the pisiform to the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of
the 5th digit

60
Q

What nerve innervates abductor digiti minimi?

A

deep br of ulnar n c8-t1

61
Q

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

abduct pinky

62
Q

What are the attachments of adductor pollicis?

A

from the capitate & 2nd & 3rd metacarpals (oblique head) & the palmar
aspect of the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head) to the base of the proximal phalanx of
the thumb

63
Q

What nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

deep br of ulnar n c8-t1

64
Q

What is the action of adductor pollicis?

A

adduct thumb

65
Q

What is the significance of the transverse and oblique head of adductor pollicis?

A

deep br of ulnar n and deep palmar of radial nerve run through heads

66
Q

What are the attachments of the lumbricals?

A

tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus to radial aspect of dorsal expansion 2-5 digits

67
Q

What nerve innervates the lumbricals?

A

deep br ulnar 3rd and 4th (c8-t1)

median n 1st and 2nd (c7-c8-t1)

68
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

flexes MCP and extend IP joints of digits 2-5

69
Q

What are the attachment of palmar interossei?

A

from the palmar aspects of metacarpals 2, 4 & 5 to the dorsal digital
expansions of digits 2, 4, 5

70
Q

What nerve innervates the palmar interossei?

A

deep br of ulnar n c8-t1

71
Q

What are the actions of palmar interossei?

A

adduct MCP, flex MCP, extend IP 2, 4 and 5 digits

72
Q

What are the attachments of the dorsal interossei?

A

from the adjacent sides of the metacarpals to the proximal phalangeal
bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4

73
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsal interossei?

A

deep br ulnar c8-t1

74
Q

What are the actions of the dorsal interossei?

A

abducts MCP, flex MCP, extend IP digits 2-4

75
Q

What are the joints of the wrist and hand?

A

distal radioulnar = pivot

radiocarpal = ellipsoidal or condyloid

carpometacarpal
1. thumb = saddle
2. 2nd-5th = plane/ gliding

metacarpophalangeal = ellipsoidal

interphalangeal = hinge

mid carpal and inter carpal

76
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the transverse carpal ligament?

A

attach: scaphoid and trapezium to pisiform and hamate

function:
- maintain carpal arch
- prevents bowstringing of flexor tendons
- protects median n

houses: FDP, FDS, FPL, median n.

77
Q

What is the significance of the transverse carpal ligament with carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

sheaths in ligament prone to swelling causing compression of the median n.

78
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A

distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

proximal: pisiform, triquestrum, lunate, scaphoid

79
Q

What are the bones of the digits?

A

phalanges 2-5 (P, M, D)
1st digit (P, D)

80
Q

What are the attachments of the collateral ligaments of the MCP joints?

A

dorsal of proximal phalanx to palmar distal phalanx

81
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments of MCP joints?

A

stabilize MCP joints

82
Q

How does the extensor hood work?

A
  • on the back of digits
  • allows long digital flexors (FDS, FDP) and short muscles of hand (lumbricals , interossei) to act on MCP, PIP, and DIP joints
  • pull on hood flex MCP joint, extend IP joints
83
Q

What are the boundaries and contents of the anatomical snuff box?

A
  • extensor pollicis longus tendon
  • extensor pollicis brevis tendon
  • extensor retinaculum

scaphoid bone and radial artery

84
Q

How many intrinsic hand muscles are there?

A

18

85
Q

What are the compartments of the extensor retinaculum?

A
  1. APL, EPB
  2. ECR (L+B)
  3. EPL
  4. ED, EI
  5. EDM
  6. ECU
86
Q

What is the function of a volar plate?

A

limits hyperextension of phalanges

87
Q

What is the function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

A

connect ulnar side to wrist joint

88
Q

What are the actions involved in opposition?

A
  1. abduction + medial rotation of 1st metacarpal
  2. flexion of 1st metacarpal at MCP joint
  3. reinforcement via adductor pollicis + FPL
89
Q

What are the actions of the fingers?

A
  • add/abduction
  • flex + ext MP
  • flex + ext IP
90
Q

What are the actions of the thumb?

A
  • add/abduction
  • extension
  • opposition
91
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the dorsal hand?

A
  • median = tips of 2, 3, 4 digits
  • radial = dorsum of hand and 2, 3, 4 digits
  • ulnar = dorm of hand and half of 4 and 5 digits
92
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the palmar aspect of the hand?

A
  • median = palm, thumb, 2 to half of 4
  • radial = medial thumb
  • ulnar palmar of 5 and half of 4

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

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