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Clinical Anatomy > Mod 7 - Cranial Nerves and Cranium Part 1 > Flashcards

Mod 7 - Cranial Nerves and Cranium Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of CN I?

A

olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN I?

A

forebrain (telencephalon)

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3
Q

Where are the nuclei present for CN I?

A

nasal mucosa
- primary axons

secondary axons in olfactory bulb, running down olfactory tract

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4
Q

What opening of the skull do CN I axons ext through?

A

cribriform foramina

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5
Q

What is the target structure of CN I?

A

olfactory mucosa of the nose

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6
Q

What is the axon function of CN I?

A
  • sensory (special: smell)
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7
Q

What are the ganglia associated with CN I?

A
  • olfactory bulb
  • medial temporal lobe
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8
Q

What is the name of CN II?

A

optic nerve

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9
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN II?

A

forebrain (diencephalon)

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10
Q

What are the nuclei present in CN II?

A

ganglion cells in the retina

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11
Q

What opening of the skull does CN II exit?

A
  • optic canal
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12
Q

What are the target structures of CN II?

A

retina of the eye

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13
Q

What is the axon function of CN II?

A
  • sensory (special: vision)
  • carry sensory info from neural retina to diencephalon and midbrain
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14
Q

What are the ganglia of CN II?

A

lateral geniculate nuclei

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15
Q

What are the branches of CN II?

A
  • optic chiasm (joining of optic nerves)
  • optic tracts (pathway for sensory info back to brain)
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16
Q

Where do the temporal and nasal fields of vision hit the retina?

A
  • temporal = medial retina
  • nasal = lateral retina
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17
Q

Where does the temporal field of vision information go while in the optic nerve?

A

goes through optic nerve, while in optic chiasm it just to other side and down the optic tract

ie. right temporal field goes to left optic tract

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18
Q

Where does the nasal field of vision information go while in the optic nerve?

A

goes through optic nerve, through optic chiasm, into same side optic tract

ie. right nasal field goes to right optic tract

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19
Q

What happens in the visual field defect of bilateral hemianopsia?

A
  • severance of optic chiasm
  • temporal field of vision deficits
  • right and left temporal fields of vision impacted
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20
Q

What happens in the visual field defect of left homonymous hemianopsia?

A
  • severance at right optic tract
  • deficits in left temporal visual field
  • deficit in right nasal visual field
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21
Q

What happens in the visual field defect of right monocular blindness?

A
  • severance at optic nerve
  • deficit in right temporal and nasal visual fields
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22
Q

What is anosmia?

A
  • loss of smell due to shearing of primary axons by cribriform plate
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23
Q

What is the name of CN III?

A
  • oculomotor
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24
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN III?

A

midbrain

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25
Q

What are the axon functions of CN III?

A
  • motor
  • parasympathetic
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26
Q

What is the opening of the skull which CN III exits?

A

superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

What are the target structures of the motor branch the superior ramus of CN III?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior rectus
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28
Q

What are the target structures of the motor branch of the inferior ramus of CN III?

A
  • medial rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • inferior oblique
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29
Q

What are the target structures of the parasympathetic branch of the inferior ramus of CN III?

A

parasympathetic innervation of:
- (pre) ciliary ganglion
- (post) cilliary body: accommodation of lens
- (post) constrictor muscle of iris

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30
Q

What are the nuclei present in CN III?

A
  • oculomotor nucleus
  • Edinger Westfall nucleus (accessory oculomotor nucleus)
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31
Q

What is the parasympathetic ganglion associated with CN III?

A
  • ciliary ganglion
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32
Q

What branch of CN V1 does the ciliary ganglion suspend from?

A
  • short ciliary branch
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33
Q

What is the name of CN IV?

A

trochlear

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34
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN IV?

A
  • midbrain (posterior contralateral of midline)
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35
Q

What is the nuclei of CN IV?

A
  • trochlear nucleus (contralateral: right to left eye)
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36
Q

What is the opening of the skull which CN IV exits?

A

superior orbital fissure

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37
Q

What is the target structure of CN IV?

A
  • superior oblique muscle of eye
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38
Q

What is the axon function of CN IV?

A

motor

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39
Q

What is the name of CN V?

A

trigeminal nerve

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40
Q

What is the name of CN V1?

A

ophthalmic nerve

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41
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN V1?

A

pons

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42
Q

What is the nuclei of CN V1?

A

superior trigeminal ganglion

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43
Q

What is the opening of the skull which CN V1 exits?

A

superior orbital fissure

44
Q

What is the axon function of CN V1?

A

sensory

45
Q

What are the target structures of CN V1?

A
  • skin
  • lacrimal gland
  • nasal cavity
  • conjuctiva
  • cornea
46
Q

What is the ganglia associated with CN V1?

A

trigeminal sensory nuclei

47
Q

What are the primary branches of CN V1?

A
  • lacrimal
  • frontal
  • nasociliary
48
Q

What is the axon function of the lacrimal branch of CN V1?

A
  • sensory innervation of lacrimal gland and skin overlying lateral upper eyelid
  • postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland (via CN VII: facial)
49
Q

What are the branches of the frontal branch of CN V1?

A
  • supraorbital
  • supratrochlear
50
Q

What is the axon function of the supraorbital branch of the frontal branch of CN V1?

A

sensory innervation of skin overlying forehead
- exits supraorbital foramen

51
Q

What is the axon function of the supratrochlear branch of the frontal branch of CN V1?

A

sensory innervation of skin overlying medial forehead

52
Q

What are the branches of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?

A
  • anterior ethmoidal
  • posterior ethmoidal
  • long ciliary
  • short ciliary
  • infratrochlear
53
Q

What is the axon function the anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?

A
  • sensory innervation of mucosa of frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, mucosa of superior aspect of nasal cavity, and skin overlying the nose
54
Q

What is the axon function of the posterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?

A

sensory innervation of the muscoa of sphenoid and ethmoidal sinuses and superior nasal cavity

55
Q

What is the axon function of the long ciliary branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?

A

sensory innervation of the eye, and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the dilator muscle of iris

56
Q

What is the axon function of the short ciliary branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?

A
  • sensory innervation of eye, postgang symp (pupil dilation) & post gang parasympathetic (cell bodies in ciliary ganglion) innervation of constrictor smooth muscle of iris and lens via CN III
  • suspends ciliary ganglion
57
Q

What is the axon function of the intfratrochlear branch of nasociliary branch of CN V1?

A

sensory innervation of skin overlying bridge of nose

58
Q

What is the name of CN V2?

A

maxillary nerve

59
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN V2?

A

pons

60
Q

What is the nuclei of CN V2?

A

middle trigeminal ganglion

61
Q

What is the opening of the skull which CN V2 exits?

A

foramen rotundum

62
Q

What are the target structures of CN V2?

A
  • skin mid face
  • teeth
  • mucous membrane upper mouth palate
  • nasopharynx
63
Q

What are the ganglia associated with CN V2?

A

trigeminal sensory nuclei

64
Q

What are the branches of CN V2?

A
  • pharyngeal
  • lesser palatine
  • greater palatine
  • nasal
  • zygomatic
  • posterior superior alveolar
  • infraorbital
65
Q

What are the pretygopalatine nerves?

A
  • pharyngeal
  • lesser palatine
  • greater palatine
  • nasal
66
Q

What is the branch of the greater palatine nerve?

A

posterior inferior nasal nerve

67
Q

What are the branches of the nasal nerve branch of CN V2?

A
  • nasopalatine
  • posterior superior lateral nasal
  • posterior superior medial nasal
68
Q

What is the axon function of the zygomatic nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?

A

sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the zygomatic arch, and postgang parasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of lacrimal gland

69
Q

What is the axon function of the posterior superior alveolar nerve branch of the maxillary branch of CN V2?

A

sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of upper molars, and sensory postganglionic sympathetic & postganglionic prasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of maxillary sinus

70
Q

What is the axon function of the infraorbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?

A
  • sensory innervation of the skin overlying skin of upper lip, lateral nose and lower eyelid, and mucosa of upper lip
71
Q

What are the branches of the infraorbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?

A
  • anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • middle superior alveolar nerve
72
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine ganglion suspend from?

A

CN V2 maxillary nerve

73
Q

What is the name of CN V3?

A

mandibular nerve

74
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN V3?

A

pons

75
Q

What is the nuclei of CN V3?

A
  • trigeminal motor (in pons)
  • inferior trigeminal ganglion
76
Q

What opening of the skull does CN V3 exit?

A

foramen ovale

77
Q

What is the axon function of CN V3?

A
  • branchial motor
  • sensory
78
Q

What are the target structures of the branchial motor division of CN V3?

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • mylohyoid
  • anterior digastric
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor veli palatini
  • 1st pharyngeal arch derivatives
79
Q

What are the target structures of the sensory division of CN V3?

A
  • skin low face
  • tongue
  • mouth
  • mandibular teeth
  • ear
80
Q

What are the primary branches of the branchial motor division of CN V3?

A
  • inferior alveolar
  • deep temporal
  • masseteric
  • pterygoids
81
Q

What are the axon functions of the meningeal nerve branch of the mandibular branch of CN V3?

A

sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the cranial dura mater

82
Q

What is the axon function of the medial pterygoid nerve branch of the mandibular branch of CN V3?

A

sensory and motor innervation of medial pterygoid

83
Q

What is the axon function of the masseteric nerve branch of the mandibular nerve branch of CN V3?

A

sensory and motor innervation of masseter muscle

84
Q

What is the axon function of the deep temporal nerve branch of the mandibular nerve CN V3?

A

sensory and motor innervation of temporalis muscle

85
Q

What is the axon function of the lateral pterygoid nerve branch of mandibular nerve CN V3?

A

sensory and motor innervation of lateral pterygoid muscle

86
Q

What is the axon function of the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve branch CN V3?

A

sensory innervation of the buccal skin and oral mucosa

87
Q

What is the axon function of the auriculotemporal nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?

A
  • sensory innervation of the TMJ, external auditory meatus, and skin anterior to the ear
  • sensory, postgang symp, postgang parasymp (via CN IX otic ganglion) innervation of parotid gland
  • suspends otic ganglion
88
Q

What is the function of the lingual nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?

A
  • sensory innervation of the muscoa overlying the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the floor of the oral cavity, and the adjacent gingiva, taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • sensory, postgang symp and preganglionic parasymp innervation of the lingual, sublingual, and submandibular glands (via CN VII submandibular ganglion
  • suspends submandibular ganglion
89
Q

What is the axon function of the inferior alveoli nerve branch of mandibular CN V3??

A

sensory innervation of the lower teeth and their adjacent buccal and labial gingiva

90
Q

What are the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve branch of the mandibular CN V3?

A
  • mental
  • nerve to mylohyoid
91
Q

What are the functions of the mental nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?

A

sensory innervation of the skin overlying the chin and lower lip

92
Q

What is axon function of the nerve to mylohyoid nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular CN V3?

A
  • sensory and motor innveration of the mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles
93
Q

What is the name of CN VI?

A

abducens nerve

94
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN VI?

A

pons

95
Q

What is the nuclei of CN VI?

A

abducens

96
Q

What is the opening of the skull which CN VI exits?

A

superior orbital fissure

97
Q

What are the target structures of CN VI?

A

lateral rectus muscle of eye

98
Q

What is the axon function of CN VI?

A

motor of lateral rectus

99
Q

What nerve suspends the otic ganglion?

A
  • auricotemporal nerve
  • delivers innervation to parotid gland
100
Q

What nerve suspends the submandibular ganglion?

A
  • lingual nerve
101
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossa?

A
  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
102
Q

What are the contents and boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
  • anterior: frontal bone, posterior: frontal sinus
103
Q

What are the contents and boundaries of the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • anterior: sphenoid ridge, medial: lateral wall of cavernous sinus, posterior: sphenoid wing
  • sphenoid and temporal bones: temporal lobes and pituitary gland
104
Q

What are the contents of the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • brainstem and cerebellum
  • anterior: posterior cranial fossa, lateral: temporal bones and lateral occipital bones
105
Q

What are the infoldings of dura mater and what they separate?

A
  • falx cerebri: 2 lobes of cerebrum
  • falx cerebelli: 2 lobes of cebebellum
  • tentorium cerebelli: cerebrum and cerebellum

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

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