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Clinical Anatomy > Mod 7 - Cranial Nerves and Cranium Part 1 > Flashcards

Mod 7 - Cranial Nerves and Cranium Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of CN I?

A

olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN I?

A

forebrain (telencephalon)

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3
Q

Where are the nuclei present for CN I?

A

nasal mucosa
- primary axons

secondary axons in olfactory bulb, running down olfactory tract

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4
Q

What opening of the skull do CN I axons ext through?

A

cribriform foramina

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5
Q

What is the target structure of CN I?

A

olfactory mucosa of the nose

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6
Q

What is the axon function of CN I?

A
  • sensory (special: smell)
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7
Q

What are the ganglia associated with CN I?

A
  • olfactory bulb
  • medial temporal lobe
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8
Q

What is the name of CN II?

A

optic nerve

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9
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN II?

A

forebrain (diencephalon)

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10
Q

What are the nuclei present in CN II?

A

ganglion cells in the retina

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11
Q

What opening of the skull does CN II exit?

A
  • optic canal
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12
Q

What are the target structures of CN II?

A

retina of the eye

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13
Q

What is the axon function of CN II?

A
  • sensory (special: vision)
  • carry sensory info from neural retina to diencephalon and midbrain
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14
Q

What are the ganglia of CN II?

A

lateral geniculate nuclei

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15
Q

What are the branches of CN II?

A
  • optic chiasm (joining of optic nerves)
  • optic tracts (pathway for sensory info back to brain)
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16
Q

Where do the temporal and nasal fields of vision hit the retina?

A
  • temporal = medial retina
  • nasal = lateral retina
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17
Q

Where does the temporal field of vision information go while in the optic nerve?

A

goes through optic nerve, while in optic chiasm it just to other side and down the optic tract

ie. right temporal field goes to left optic tract

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18
Q

Where does the nasal field of vision information go while in the optic nerve?

A

goes through optic nerve, through optic chiasm, into same side optic tract

ie. right nasal field goes to right optic tract

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19
Q

What happens in the visual field defect of bilateral hemianopsia?

A
  • severance of optic chiasm
  • temporal field of vision deficits
  • right and left temporal fields of vision impacted
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20
Q

What happens in the visual field defect of left homonymous hemianopsia?

A
  • severance at right optic tract
  • deficits in left temporal visual field
  • deficit in right nasal visual field
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21
Q

What happens in the visual field defect of right monocular blindness?

A
  • severance at optic nerve
  • deficit in right temporal and nasal visual fields
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22
Q

What is anosmia?

A
  • loss of smell due to shearing of primary axons by cribriform plate
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23
Q

What is the name of CN III?

A
  • oculomotor
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24
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN III?

A

midbrain

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25
What are the axon functions of CN III?
- motor - parasympathetic
26
What is the opening of the skull which CN III exits?
superior orbital fissure
27
What are the target structures of the motor branch the superior ramus of CN III?
- levator palpebrae superioris - superior rectus
28
What are the target structures of the motor branch of the inferior ramus of CN III?
- medial rectus - inferior rectus - inferior oblique
29
What are the target structures of the parasympathetic branch of the inferior ramus of CN III?
parasympathetic innervation of: - (pre) ciliary ganglion - (post) cilliary body: accommodation of lens - (post) constrictor muscle of iris
30
What are the nuclei present in CN III?
- oculomotor nucleus - Edinger Westfall nucleus (accessory oculomotor nucleus)
31
What is the parasympathetic ganglion associated with CN III?
- ciliary ganglion
32
What branch of CN V1 does the ciliary ganglion suspend from?
- short ciliary branch
33
What is the name of CN IV?
trochlear
34
What is the CNS origin of CN IV?
- midbrain (posterior contralateral of midline)
35
What is the nuclei of CN IV?
- trochlear nucleus (contralateral: right to left eye)
36
What is the opening of the skull which CN IV exits?
superior orbital fissure
37
What is the target structure of CN IV?
- superior oblique muscle of eye
38
What is the axon function of CN IV?
motor
39
What is the name of CN V?
trigeminal nerve
40
What is the name of CN V1?
ophthalmic nerve
41
What is the CNS origin of CN V1?
pons
42
What is the nuclei of CN V1?
superior trigeminal ganglion
43
What is the opening of the skull which CN V1 exits?
superior orbital fissure
44
What is the axon function of CN V1?
sensory
45
What are the target structures of CN V1?
- skin - lacrimal gland - nasal cavity - conjuctiva - cornea
46
What is the ganglia associated with CN V1?
trigeminal sensory nuclei
47
What are the primary branches of CN V1?
- lacrimal - frontal - nasociliary
48
What is the axon function of the lacrimal branch of CN V1?
- sensory innervation of lacrimal gland and skin overlying lateral upper eyelid - postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland (via CN VII: facial)
49
What are the branches of the frontal branch of CN V1?
- supraorbital - supratrochlear
50
What is the axon function of the supraorbital branch of the frontal branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of skin overlying forehead - exits supraorbital foramen
51
What is the axon function of the supratrochlear branch of the frontal branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of skin overlying medial forehead
52
What are the branches of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
- anterior ethmoidal - posterior ethmoidal - long ciliary - short ciliary - infratrochlear
53
What is the axon function the anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
- sensory innervation of mucosa of frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, mucosa of superior aspect of nasal cavity, and skin overlying the nose
54
What is the axon function of the posterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of the muscoa of sphenoid and ethmoidal sinuses and superior nasal cavity
55
What is the axon function of the long ciliary branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of the eye, and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the dilator muscle of iris
56
What is the axon function of the short ciliary branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
- sensory innervation of eye, postgang symp (pupil dilation) & post gang parasympathetic (cell bodies in ciliary ganglion) innervation of constrictor smooth muscle of iris and lens via CN III - suspends ciliary ganglion
57
What is the axon function of the intfratrochlear branch of nasociliary branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of skin overlying bridge of nose
58
What is the name of CN V2?
maxillary nerve
59
What is the CNS origin of CN V2?
pons
60
What is the nuclei of CN V2?
middle trigeminal ganglion
61
What is the opening of the skull which CN V2 exits?
foramen rotundum
62
What are the target structures of CN V2?
- skin mid face - teeth - mucous membrane upper mouth palate - nasopharynx
63
What are the ganglia associated with CN V2?
trigeminal sensory nuclei
64
What are the branches of CN V2?
- pharyngeal - lesser palatine - greater palatine - nasal - zygomatic - posterior superior alveolar - infraorbital
65
What are the pretygopalatine nerves?
- pharyngeal - lesser palatine - greater palatine - nasal
66
What is the branch of the greater palatine nerve?
posterior inferior nasal nerve
67
What are the branches of the nasal nerve branch of CN V2?
- nasopalatine - posterior superior lateral nasal - posterior superior medial nasal
68
What is the axon function of the zygomatic nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the zygomatic arch, and postgang parasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of lacrimal gland
69
What is the axon function of the posterior superior alveolar nerve branch of the maxillary branch of CN V2?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of upper molars, and sensory postganglionic sympathetic & postganglionic prasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of maxillary sinus
70
What is the axon function of the infraorbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?
- sensory innervation of the skin overlying skin of upper lip, lateral nose and lower eyelid, and mucosa of upper lip
71
What are the branches of the infraorbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?
- anterior superior alveolar nerve - middle superior alveolar nerve
72
Where does the pterygopalatine ganglion suspend from?
CN V2 maxillary nerve
73
What is the name of CN V3?
mandibular nerve
74
What is the CNS origin of CN V3?
pons
75
What is the nuclei of CN V3?
- trigeminal motor (in pons) - inferior trigeminal ganglion
76
What opening of the skull does CN V3 exit?
foramen ovale
77
What is the axon function of CN V3?
- branchial motor - sensory
78
What are the target structures of the branchial motor division of CN V3?
- muscles of mastication - mylohyoid - anterior digastric - tensor tympani - tensor veli palatini - 1st pharyngeal arch derivatives
79
What are the target structures of the sensory division of CN V3?
- skin low face - tongue - mouth - mandibular teeth - ear
80
What are the primary branches of the branchial motor division of CN V3?
- inferior alveolar - deep temporal - masseteric - pterygoids
81
What are the axon functions of the meningeal nerve branch of the mandibular branch of CN V3?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the cranial dura mater
82
What is the axon function of the medial pterygoid nerve branch of the mandibular branch of CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of medial pterygoid
83
What is the axon function of the masseteric nerve branch of the mandibular nerve branch of CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of masseter muscle
84
What is the axon function of the deep temporal nerve branch of the mandibular nerve CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of temporalis muscle
85
What is the axon function of the lateral pterygoid nerve branch of mandibular nerve CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of lateral pterygoid muscle
86
What is the axon function of the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve branch CN V3?
sensory innervation of the buccal skin and oral mucosa
87
What is the axon function of the auriculotemporal nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?
- sensory innervation of the TMJ, external auditory meatus, and skin anterior to the ear - sensory, postgang symp, postgang parasymp (via CN IX otic ganglion) innervation of parotid gland - suspends otic ganglion
88
What is the function of the lingual nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?
- sensory innervation of the muscoa overlying the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the floor of the oral cavity, and the adjacent gingiva, taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue - sensory, postgang symp and preganglionic parasymp innervation of the lingual, sublingual, and submandibular glands (via CN VII submandibular ganglion - suspends submandibular ganglion
89
What is the axon function of the inferior alveoli nerve branch of mandibular CN V3??
sensory innervation of the lower teeth and their adjacent buccal and labial gingiva
90
What are the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve branch of the mandibular CN V3?
- mental - nerve to mylohyoid
91
What are the functions of the mental nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?
sensory innervation of the skin overlying the chin and lower lip
92
What is axon function of the nerve to mylohyoid nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular CN V3?
- sensory and motor innveration of the mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles
93
What is the name of CN VI?
abducens nerve
94
What is the CNS origin of CN VI?
pons
95
What is the nuclei of CN VI?
abducens
96
What is the opening of the skull which CN VI exits?
superior orbital fissure
97
What are the target structures of CN VI?
lateral rectus muscle of eye
98
What is the axon function of CN VI?
motor of lateral rectus
99
What nerve suspends the otic ganglion?
- auricotemporal nerve - delivers innervation to parotid gland
100
What nerve suspends the submandibular ganglion?
- lingual nerve
101
What are the 3 cranial fossa?
- anterior - middle - posterior
102
What are the contents and boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa?
- frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones - anterior: frontal bone, posterior: frontal sinus
103
What are the contents and boundaries of the middle cranial fossa?
- anterior: sphenoid ridge, medial: lateral wall of cavernous sinus, posterior: sphenoid wing - sphenoid and temporal bones: temporal lobes and pituitary gland
104
What are the contents of the posterior cranial fossa?
- brainstem and cerebellum - anterior: posterior cranial fossa, lateral: temporal bones and lateral occipital bones
105
What are the infoldings of dura mater and what they separate?
- falx cerebri: 2 lobes of cerebrum - falx cerebelli: 2 lobes of cebebellum - tentorium cerebelli: cerebrum and cerebellum

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

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