Mod 7 - Cranial Nerves and Cranium Part 1 Flashcards
What is the name of CN I?
olfactory nerve
What is the CNS origin of CN I?
forebrain (telencephalon)
Where are the nuclei present for CN I?
nasal mucosa
- primary axons
secondary axons in olfactory bulb, running down olfactory tract
What opening of the skull do CN I axons ext through?
cribriform foramina
What is the target structure of CN I?
olfactory mucosa of the nose
What is the axon function of CN I?
- sensory (special: smell)
What are the ganglia associated with CN I?
- olfactory bulb
- medial temporal lobe
What is the name of CN II?
optic nerve
What is the CNS origin of CN II?
forebrain (diencephalon)
What are the nuclei present in CN II?
ganglion cells in the retina
What opening of the skull does CN II exit?
- optic canal
What are the target structures of CN II?
retina of the eye
What is the axon function of CN II?
- sensory (special: vision)
- carry sensory info from neural retina to diencephalon and midbrain
What are the ganglia of CN II?
lateral geniculate nuclei
What are the branches of CN II?
- optic chiasm (joining of optic nerves)
- optic tracts (pathway for sensory info back to brain)
Where do the temporal and nasal fields of vision hit the retina?
- temporal = medial retina
- nasal = lateral retina
Where does the temporal field of vision information go while in the optic nerve?
goes through optic nerve, while in optic chiasm it just to other side and down the optic tract
ie. right temporal field goes to left optic tract
Where does the nasal field of vision information go while in the optic nerve?
goes through optic nerve, through optic chiasm, into same side optic tract
ie. right nasal field goes to right optic tract
What happens in the visual field defect of bilateral hemianopsia?
- severance of optic chiasm
- temporal field of vision deficits
- right and left temporal fields of vision impacted
What happens in the visual field defect of left homonymous hemianopsia?
- severance at right optic tract
- deficits in left temporal visual field
- deficit in right nasal visual field
What happens in the visual field defect of right monocular blindness?
- severance at optic nerve
- deficit in right temporal and nasal visual fields
What is anosmia?
- loss of smell due to shearing of primary axons by cribriform plate
What is the name of CN III?
- oculomotor
What is the CNS origin of CN III?
midbrain
What are the axon functions of CN III?
- motor
- parasympathetic
What is the opening of the skull which CN III exits?
superior orbital fissure
What are the target structures of the motor branch the superior ramus of CN III?
- levator palpebrae superioris
- superior rectus
What are the target structures of the motor branch of the inferior ramus of CN III?
- medial rectus
- inferior rectus
- inferior oblique
What are the target structures of the parasympathetic branch of the inferior ramus of CN III?
parasympathetic innervation of:
- (pre) ciliary ganglion
- (post) cilliary body: accommodation of lens
- (post) constrictor muscle of iris
What are the nuclei present in CN III?
- oculomotor nucleus
- Edinger Westfall nucleus (accessory oculomotor nucleus)
What is the parasympathetic ganglion associated with CN III?
- ciliary ganglion
What branch of CN V1 does the ciliary ganglion suspend from?
- short ciliary branch
What is the name of CN IV?
trochlear
What is the CNS origin of CN IV?
- midbrain (posterior contralateral of midline)
What is the nuclei of CN IV?
- trochlear nucleus (contralateral: right to left eye)
What is the opening of the skull which CN IV exits?
superior orbital fissure
What is the target structure of CN IV?
- superior oblique muscle of eye
What is the axon function of CN IV?
motor
What is the name of CN V?
trigeminal nerve
What is the name of CN V1?
ophthalmic nerve
What is the CNS origin of CN V1?
pons
What is the nuclei of CN V1?
superior trigeminal ganglion
What is the opening of the skull which CN V1 exits?
superior orbital fissure
What is the axon function of CN V1?
sensory
What are the target structures of CN V1?
- skin
- lacrimal gland
- nasal cavity
- conjuctiva
- cornea
What is the ganglia associated with CN V1?
trigeminal sensory nuclei
What are the primary branches of CN V1?
- lacrimal
- frontal
- nasociliary
What is the axon function of the lacrimal branch of CN V1?
- sensory innervation of lacrimal gland and skin overlying lateral upper eyelid
- postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland (via CN VII: facial)
What are the branches of the frontal branch of CN V1?
- supraorbital
- supratrochlear
What is the axon function of the supraorbital branch of the frontal branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of skin overlying forehead
- exits supraorbital foramen
What is the axon function of the supratrochlear branch of the frontal branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of skin overlying medial forehead
What are the branches of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
- anterior ethmoidal
- posterior ethmoidal
- long ciliary
- short ciliary
- infratrochlear
What is the axon function the anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
- sensory innervation of mucosa of frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, mucosa of superior aspect of nasal cavity, and skin overlying the nose
What is the axon function of the posterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of the muscoa of sphenoid and ethmoidal sinuses and superior nasal cavity
What is the axon function of the long ciliary branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of the eye, and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the dilator muscle of iris
What is the axon function of the short ciliary branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1?
- sensory innervation of eye, postgang symp (pupil dilation) & post gang parasympathetic (cell bodies in ciliary ganglion) innervation of constrictor smooth muscle of iris and lens via CN III
- suspends ciliary ganglion
What is the axon function of the intfratrochlear branch of nasociliary branch of CN V1?
sensory innervation of skin overlying bridge of nose
What is the name of CN V2?
maxillary nerve
What is the CNS origin of CN V2?
pons
What is the nuclei of CN V2?
middle trigeminal ganglion
What is the opening of the skull which CN V2 exits?
foramen rotundum
What are the target structures of CN V2?
- skin mid face
- teeth
- mucous membrane upper mouth palate
- nasopharynx
What are the ganglia associated with CN V2?
trigeminal sensory nuclei
What are the branches of CN V2?
- pharyngeal
- lesser palatine
- greater palatine
- nasal
- zygomatic
- posterior superior alveolar
- infraorbital
What are the pretygopalatine nerves?
- pharyngeal
- lesser palatine
- greater palatine
- nasal
What is the branch of the greater palatine nerve?
posterior inferior nasal nerve
What are the branches of the nasal nerve branch of CN V2?
- nasopalatine
- posterior superior lateral nasal
- posterior superior medial nasal
What is the axon function of the zygomatic nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the zygomatic arch, and postgang parasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of lacrimal gland
What is the axon function of the posterior superior alveolar nerve branch of the maxillary branch of CN V2?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of upper molars, and sensory postganglionic sympathetic & postganglionic prasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of maxillary sinus
What is the axon function of the infraorbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?
- sensory innervation of the skin overlying skin of upper lip, lateral nose and lower eyelid, and mucosa of upper lip
What are the branches of the infraorbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V2?
- anterior superior alveolar nerve
- middle superior alveolar nerve
Where does the pterygopalatine ganglion suspend from?
CN V2 maxillary nerve
What is the name of CN V3?
mandibular nerve
What is the CNS origin of CN V3?
pons
What is the nuclei of CN V3?
- trigeminal motor (in pons)
- inferior trigeminal ganglion
What opening of the skull does CN V3 exit?
foramen ovale
What is the axon function of CN V3?
- branchial motor
- sensory
What are the target structures of the branchial motor division of CN V3?
- muscles of mastication
- mylohyoid
- anterior digastric
- tensor tympani
- tensor veli palatini
- 1st pharyngeal arch derivatives
What are the target structures of the sensory division of CN V3?
- skin low face
- tongue
- mouth
- mandibular teeth
- ear
What are the primary branches of the branchial motor division of CN V3?
- inferior alveolar
- deep temporal
- masseteric
- pterygoids
What are the axon functions of the meningeal nerve branch of the mandibular branch of CN V3?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the cranial dura mater
What is the axon function of the medial pterygoid nerve branch of the mandibular branch of CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of medial pterygoid
What is the axon function of the masseteric nerve branch of the mandibular nerve branch of CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of masseter muscle
What is the axon function of the deep temporal nerve branch of the mandibular nerve CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of temporalis muscle
What is the axon function of the lateral pterygoid nerve branch of mandibular nerve CN V3?
sensory and motor innervation of lateral pterygoid muscle
What is the axon function of the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve branch CN V3?
sensory innervation of the buccal skin and oral mucosa
What is the axon function of the auriculotemporal nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?
- sensory innervation of the TMJ, external auditory meatus, and skin anterior to the ear
- sensory, postgang symp, postgang parasymp (via CN IX otic ganglion) innervation of parotid gland
- suspends otic ganglion
What is the function of the lingual nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?
- sensory innervation of the muscoa overlying the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the floor of the oral cavity, and the adjacent gingiva, taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- sensory, postgang symp and preganglionic parasymp innervation of the lingual, sublingual, and submandibular glands (via CN VII submandibular ganglion
- suspends submandibular ganglion
What is the axon function of the inferior alveoli nerve branch of mandibular CN V3??
sensory innervation of the lower teeth and their adjacent buccal and labial gingiva
What are the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve branch of the mandibular CN V3?
- mental
- nerve to mylohyoid
What are the functions of the mental nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve branch of mandibular CN V3?
sensory innervation of the skin overlying the chin and lower lip
What is axon function of the nerve to mylohyoid nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular CN V3?
- sensory and motor innveration of the mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles
What is the name of CN VI?
abducens nerve
What is the CNS origin of CN VI?
pons
What is the nuclei of CN VI?
abducens
What is the opening of the skull which CN VI exits?
superior orbital fissure
What are the target structures of CN VI?
lateral rectus muscle of eye
What is the axon function of CN VI?
motor of lateral rectus
What nerve suspends the otic ganglion?
- auricotemporal nerve
- delivers innervation to parotid gland
What nerve suspends the submandibular ganglion?
- lingual nerve
What are the 3 cranial fossa?
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
What are the contents and boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa?
- frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
- anterior: frontal bone, posterior: frontal sinus
What are the contents and boundaries of the middle cranial fossa?
- anterior: sphenoid ridge, medial: lateral wall of cavernous sinus, posterior: sphenoid wing
- sphenoid and temporal bones: temporal lobes and pituitary gland
What are the contents of the posterior cranial fossa?
- brainstem and cerebellum
- anterior: posterior cranial fossa, lateral: temporal bones and lateral occipital bones
What are the infoldings of dura mater and what they separate?
- falx cerebri: 2 lobes of cerebrum
- falx cerebelli: 2 lobes of cebebellum
- tentorium cerebelli: cerebrum and cerebellum