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Clinical Anatomy > Module 8 - Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Module 8 - Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What is important about the sympathetic innervation of the head and neck?

A
  • arises from cervical ganglia (inferior, middle, [mostly] superior)
  • no preganglionic cell bodies in cervical region
  • preganglionic axons from upper thoracic synapses in cervical ganglia
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2
Q

What is the pathway of the middle ear nerve of the internal carotid nerve (sympathetics)?

A
  • pregang symp > nucleus > internal carotid nerve > courses with internal carotid artery > tympanic plexus
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3
Q

What is the pathway for the deep petrosal nerve of the internal carotid nerve(sympathetic)?

A

pregang symp > nucleus > internal carotid nerve > courses with internal carotid artery > deep petrosal n > V2 br

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4
Q

What is the pathway for the cavernous sinus branch of the internal carotid n (sympathetic)?

A

pregang symp > nucleus > internal carotid nerve > courses with internal carotid artery > cavernous sinus > CNs: III, IV, VI, V1, V2

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5
Q

What CNs sympathetics exit the skull directly from the superior cervical ganglia?

A
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
  • XI
  • XII
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6
Q

Where do the communicating branches of sympathetic innervation go and what CNs do they communicate with?

A
  • along external carotid artery
  • communicate with: V2, V3, VII, IX, X, XII
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7
Q

What is the infra temporal fossa?

A
  • irregular space inferior and eep to zygomatic arch and mandible and posterior to maxilla
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8
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

ramus of mandible

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9
Q

What is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

lateral pterygoid plate

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10
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

posterior maxilla

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11
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • mastoid and styloid processes
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12
Q

What is the superior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

greater wing of sphenoid

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13
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

mandibular attachment of medial pterygoig

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14
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • inferior part of temporals
  • lateral (sup + inf) and medial (deep + superficial) ptergygoid muscles
  • maxillary artery and its branches
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15
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
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16
Q

What are the OIANs of the masseter?

A

origin: zygomatic arch

insert: angle of mandible and lateral aspect of ramus

action: elevation, protraction and retraction (deep fibers) of mandible

nerve: mandibular nerve CN V3

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17
Q

What are the OIANs of the temporalis muscle?

A

origin: temporal fossa

insert: coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of mandible

action: elevation and retraction of the mandible

nerve: mandibular nerve CN V3

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18
Q

What are the OIANs of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

origin: infratemporal surface of sphenoid and lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

insert: neck of the mandible and TMJ disc

action: depress mandible, protracts and acts with ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate mandible to produce the side to side movement of chewing

nerve: mandibular nerve CN V3

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19
Q

What are the OIANs of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and adjacent maxilla

insert: medial aspect of angle of mandible

action: elevation of mandible and acts with ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate th maxilla to produce side to side movement during chewing

nerve: mandibular nerve CN V3

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20
Q

What nerves are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

mandibular CN V3
- auriculotemporal
- inferior alveolar
- lingual
- chorda tympani

otic ganglion

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21
Q

What is the importance of the pterygoid plexus in the spread of infection to the cranial cavity?

A
  • due to communication with cavernous sinus, infection of superficial face may spread to cavernous sinus, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis
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22
Q

What are the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A
  • temporal = mandibular fossa of temporal bone
  • mandibular = head of mandible
  • fibrocartilage articular cartilage
  • articular tubercle
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23
Q

What are the ligaments of the TMJ?

A
  • lateral ligament
  • stylomandibular ligament
  • joint capsule
  • sphenomandibular ligament
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24
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral ligament of the TMJ?

A

condyle process > zygomatic arch

25
Q

What are the attachments of the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ?

A

styloid process > angle of mandible

26
Q

What are the attachments of the sphenomandibular ligament?

A

sphenoid bone > ramus of mandible

27
Q

What are the nerves that innervate the TMJ?

A

sensory: branches of V3
- auricularotemporal nerve
- deep temporal nerve
- masseteric nerve
(articular branches)

1st branchial arch derivative innervated by CN V3

28
Q

What are the movements of the TMJ?

A
  • elevation (closing mouth)
  • depression (opening mouth)
  • protrusion
  • retrusion
  • lateral
29
Q

What are the muscles that control the elevation (closing) of TMJ?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
30
Q

What muscles control depression (opening) of the TMJ?

A
  • lateral pterygoid
  • suprahyoid muscles
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • mainly gravity
31
Q

What are the muscles that control protrusion of the TMJ?

A
  • lateral pterygoid
  • messier
  • medial pterygoid
32
Q

What are the muscles that control retrusion of the TMJ?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
33
Q

What are the muscles that control the lateral movement of the TMJ?

A
  • same side temporalis
  • opposite side pterygoids
  • opposite side masseter

mandible to left:
- L temporalis
- R masseter
- R pterygoid

34
Q

Why does TMJ dislocation happen?

A

mandibular head slides out of TMJ past the articular tubercle

  • happens in yawning, taking large bites,
    excessive contraction of lateral pterygoids
35
Q

What are the consequences of aging on the mandible?

A
  • loss of teeth and alveolar process is resorbed
  • mental nerve more exposed due to mental and mandibular foramina being more superior on body of mandible
  • body of mandible may fracture
36
Q

What is the primary sympathetic effect on the pupils?

A
  • dilate: slower effect
37
Q

What is the primary sympathetic effect on the skin?

A
  • contracts arrector pilli muscle (goosebumps)
  • vasoconstriction
  • sweating
38
Q

What is the primary sympathetic effect on the glands of the head?

A
  • no direct effect, but vasoconstriction has some indirect effect to reduce secretion
39
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect on the eyes?

A
  • pupil: constricts; fast effect
  • ciliary body: lens accommodation
40
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect on the skin?

A

no effect

41
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect on the glands of the head?

A
  • lacrimal: promotes secretion; tears
  • salivary: promotes secretion; spit
  • small mucous glands: promotes secretion; mucous i.e. snot
42
Q

What are the dorsal cervical rami nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • suboccipital
  • greater occipital
  • 3rd occipital
43
Q

What are the spinal level and function of the suboccipital nerve?

A
  • C1
  • sensory, post gang sympathetic (gray ramus) innervation to semispinalis capitis and suboccipital muscles
44
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the greater occipital nerve?

A
  • medial branch C2
  • sensory and postgang symp (gray ramus) innervation of skin overlying back of the head
45
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the 3rd occipital nerve?

A
  • median branch C3
  • sensory and postgang symp (gray ramus) innervation of skin overlying suboccipital triangle
46
Q

What are the ventral rami cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • lesser occipital
  • great auricular
  • transverse cervical
  • supraclavicular
47
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the lesser occipital nerve?

A
  • C2
  • sensory and postgang symp (gray ramus) innervation of the skin overlying the posterior- lateral aspect of the head and upper neck
48
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the great auricular nerve?

A
  • C2,3
  • sensory and postganglionic symp (gray rami communicans) innervation of the skin overlying the upper sternocleidomastoid, lower parotid region and ear
49
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the transverse cervical nerve?

A
  • C2,3
  • sensory and postganglionic symp (gray rami communicans) innevervation of the skin overlying the lower sternocleidomastoid and anterior neck
50
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the supraclavicular nerve?

A
  • C3,4
  • sensory and postgang symp (gray rami communicans) innervation of the skin overlying the lower half of the posterior triangle of the neck
51
Q

What are the muscular branch nerves of the ventral rami of the cervical plexus?

A
  • nerve to geniohyoid
  • nerve to thyrohyoid
  • ansa cervicalis
  • phrenic nerve
52
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the nerve to geniohyoid?

A
  • C1 via CN XII
  • sensory, postganglionic symp (gray ramus), and motor innervation of the geniohyoid muscle
53
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the nerve to thyrohyoid?

A
  • C1 via CN XII
  • sensory, postanglionic symp (gray ramus, and motor innervation of the thyrohyoid
54
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the superior root of ansa cervicalis?

A
  • C1
  • sensory, postgang symp (gray ramus), and motor innervation of the superior belly of the omohyoid
55
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?

A
  • C2,3
  • sensory, postgang symp (gray rami communicans), and motor innervation of the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and inferior belly of the omohyoid muscles
56
Q

What is the spinal level and function of the phrenic nerve?

A
  • C3,4,5
  • sensory, postganglionic symp (gray rami communicans), and motor innervation of the diaphragm
57
Q

What are the strictly sensory nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • greater occipital
  • lesser occipital
  • great auricular
  • 3rd occipital
  • transverse cervical
  • supraclavicular
58
Q

What are the sensory and motor nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • suboccipital
  • nerve to geniohyoid
  • nerve to thyrohyoid
  • ansa cervicalis (S+I omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid)
  • phrenic nerve

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

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