MODULE 9 - Contract Documents and Coordination Flashcards
A home run noted on the contract documents is:
A graphic indication showing which lights and outlets are connects to a particular circuit breaker in an electrical panel box
What types of diffusers are there?
Louvre bladed
Straight bladed
Linear slot
What is a grille? What types of grilles are there?
A device used to supply or extract air without any deflection
- egg crate
- bar type
- transfer type
What is CRI?
The color rendering index (CRI) is a rating that measures the lamp’s color rendering accuracy. Each lamp type has a different CRI based on a scale of 0-100. On that scale, 0 represents poor color quality, and 100 represents the best color quality in a light. The higher CRI renders color more naturally.
Incandescent Lights
- generate light when an electric current heats the tungsten filament inside.
- poor efficacy - require a relatively higher wattage for the lumens output.
-typically produce a warm white color (2700K) - have a high CRI for rendering natural color and skin tones appropriate for residential uses.
Halogen Lights
Bright but hot, cheaper upfront but costs more to operate, shorter lamp life, can be dimmed.
Fluorescent Lights
Energy-efficient, minimal heat, typically brighter than LEDs, but has harsher whiter colored light. Not dimmable without special housing and switching. Suitable for commercial spaces where the light stays on.
Low Voltage Lights
Low voltage fixtures require a larger-sized transformer to “step down” the voltage from 120 to 12 volts. However, they tend to be smaller in size and have more beam control.
Low voltage lighting can include incandescents like MR16s (usually halogen or incandescent) and LEDs.
LED Lights
Light-emitting diodes have a long life, low energy use, lower operating costs but are currently more expensive upfront. They have low heat output and a relatively cool bluish light. Some are dimmable, but this requires a special dimmer.
HID Lights
HIDs, or High-Intensity Discharge Lamps, are most often used for outdoor lighting or large indoor spaces, like warehouses. They generate light by passing an electric current through a gas. That current then produces an arc of light within the arc tube.
There are several types of HIDs, including High-Pressure Sodium (HPS), Mercury Vapor, Metal Halide, and Ceramic Metal Halide. These differ based on gas within the bulb.
HID lighting requires a ballast and can take a long time to power up. They are appropriate for scenarios that don’t require the light to come on quickly, like a stadium.
Xenon Lights
Incandescent fixtures with xenon gas have warmer light and give off more heat. They are dimmable but not energy efficient and have a lamp life similar to fluorescent, but not as long as LED.
Process for selecting lighting and calculating wattages and energy budget
- Calculate
Multiply watts per square foot by the total square feet in the plan to figure your total wattage allowance for the space. Then select your fixtures and subtract wattage from the overall wattage allowance. - Eliminate
Review and eliminate most high wattage incandescent lighting or other inappropriate types for the space.
Using more than a few incandescent fixtures may put you over your lighting budget, so reserve for special usage. Eliminate sconces more than 4” D or use only in areas where they are mounted higher and will not be in the path of travel.
- Locate
Place specialty lighting fixtures first – task and accent lighting. Add general lighting after you calculate your wattage.
Calculate the energy required for the selected fixtures and subtract it from the total energy budget. Divide the remaining wattage by the amount needed for each general lighting fixture to decide how many you can include.
Revise other lighting selections as necessary to give enough general light and stay within the energy budget.
- Calculate again
Complete the lighting schedule as required and calculate the total energy used based on the selected fixtures.
What are as-built drawings?
These drawings show exactly what has been built rather than what was drawn in the construction drawings. Sometimes the changes are marked on the original drawings. Other times a new set of drawings is created to reflect the changes. The original record drawings created during construction must also be kept.
As part of the project closeout process, these are given to either the architect or interior designer and submitted to the owner:
as-built drawings
original record drawings
copy of all specifications
addenda
change orders
As-Built drawings are important for two reasons:
- They are a record from which future changes or additions and phased construction can be designed.
- They can be valuable to facilities management as they often indicate critical information. This may include control system sensors or shut-off valve locations.
