MODULE 1 - Project Assessment and Programming Flashcards
1
Q
IAQ vs IEQ
A
Indoor Environmental Quality includes IAQ and... access to daylight + views pleasant acoustic conditions occupant control over lighting thermal comfort
2
Q
4 CAUSES of poor air quality
A
contaminants from indoor sources
contaminants from outdoor sources
biological contaminants
poor ventilation
3
Q
3 most common SYMPTOMS of IAQ
A
Sick Building Syndrome
Building Related Illness
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
4
Q
What does ASHRAE 62.1 - 2019 have to do with?
A
Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ
5
Q
What does BIFMA have to do with?
A
Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer’s Association
- Sustainable and low emitting business furniture
6
Q
What does the FloorScore Standard/Regulation have to do with?
A
Low emitting resilient flooring
7
Q
What does Green Label Plus Standard/Regulation have to do with?
A
Low emitting carpeting products for home and business
8
Q
What does Greenguard standard/regulation have to do with?
A
Low emitting products (building materials and furnishings)
9
Q
What is building commissioning?
A
includes inspecting, testing, start-up, and adjusting building systems
buildings systems are inspected, tested, run and adjusted and compared against original design to ensure it is operating as intended
10
Q
Ways an ID can reduce electricity consumption
A
automatic lighting in occasionally used spaces
non-emergency lighting on timers
daylight-responsive controls for spaces within 15 feet of natural lighting
energy-efficient equipment
highly reflective finishes
11
Q
Ways ID can reduce mechanical energy use
A
Don’t specify components with CFC-based refrigerants
Use displacement ventilation in new construction
Specify personal temperature controls and flexible underfloor wiring, when possible
12
Q
ASHRAE 90.1
A
Energy efficiency in commercial buildings
13
Q
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
A
standards org. that validates and certifies sustainable, low emitting, and energy efficient products
14
Q
LEED
A
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
15
Q
GBI
A
Green Building Initiative
16
Q
FSC
A
Forest Stewardship Council
17
Q
SFI
A
Sustainable Forestry Initiative
18
Q
Cradle to Cradle
A
Sustainable zero waste product development
19
Q
NAHB Green Building Standard
A
ICC National Green Building Standard
20
Q
CHPS
A
Collaborative for High Performance Schools
21
Q
How is water use reduction seen in LEED rating system
A
Seen as a prerequisite to use 20% less water than the calculated baseline by designing using water saving fixtures, fittings, and appliances
22
Q
What do the following standards/regulations have to do with?
Energy Policy Act of 1992
IECC(International Energy Conservation Code)
ASHRAE/IESNA90.1
ASHRAE/IESNA90.2
A
Water Conservation
23
Q
What is active design?
A
promoting physical movement, physical activity, and active living and discourage sedentary behaviors
24
Q
What is resilience?
A
to integrate design strategies to an environment that are able to withstand and recover quickly when faced with a natural, manufactured, cyber or physical disaster
25
Building Types
Type I and II - non-combustible building elements
Type III - non-combustible exterior walls + any interior
Type IV - non-combustible exterior + wood interior
Type V - Structure, Exterior + interior of any material
(building components include structural framing, interior and exterior bearing walls, floor and roof)
26
Occupancy classifications vs occupancy type
Occ. Classification - based on usage and risks of a space (entire building)
Occ. Type - refers to individual spaces in a building
27
Interior construction elements that may need to resist earthquake forces
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partitions tied to ceiling or over a specific height
suspended ceilings
HVAC ductwork
light fixtures
sprinklers
bookcases/storage cabs
lab equipment
wall mounted items
access floors
```
28
Considerations of client's wants and needs include:
```
function
aesthetics
budget
site + building (adjacencies)
existing architecture
applicable codes
timeline for completion
influence of human factors
social and cultural factors
environmental responsibilities
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29
what can a written program include?
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methods used
executive summary
value and goal statements
relevant facts
the conclusions of behavioral or other data analysis
program requirements
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30
what does a ID need to do to identify the space needs to a specific facility?
Identify required spaces
Establish the size and relationships of these spaces
Develop appropriate factors for estimating efficiency
project budget and schedule requirements
31
What is a brand
```
not just a logo
includes all elements that help identify a company:
- logo
- colors
- company name
- quality of customer service
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32
What is site analysis?
the investigation and evaluation of existing conditions within which the project will be completed.
It is a form of due diligence
33
In what terms will the site context be evaluated?
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location
views
solar orientation
zoning
historical information
constraints
change of use
transportation
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34
What are tasks of site analysis?
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walk through
review plans
measure the space
photograph the space
determine views from the space
understand neighborhood and social context
making inventory of existing ff&e
analyze codes that pertain to project
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35
What direction windows maximize daylight?
South
36
What are design strategies that address major crisis events?
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Green roofs as outdoor refuge spaces and food production
On site renewable energy
Building elements above floodplain
Transportation for building occupants
On site storage of emergency supplies
emergency communications
shelter in place
training for personnel
communications with occupants
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37
What is change of use?
occurs when there is any change in the occupancy of a building that could trigger a change in the code requirements that apply to the site
still a change of use if occupancy level is increasing
38
What are graphical tools used for data analysis?
Matrices
| Bubble Diagrams
39
What are the conceptual diagrams designers use during programming?
Parti diagrams
bubble diagrams
adjacency matrices
40
What are the planning diagrams designers use during programming?
stacking/zoning diagrams
block plans
square footage allocations
41
What is behavioral analytics?
part of information gathering during programming that documents user actions to assess whether a space accommodates the desired functions.
42
What are quantitative factors the designer summarizes during programming?
data collected by the designer (from interviews, observation, existing conditions analysis) may be organized into spreadsheets.
spreadsheets, site photos, and matrices focus on quantitative requirements
43
What is a criteria matrix?
Addition to an adjacency metric that shows extra factors such as:
1. access to windows/views
2. access to plumbing
3. sustainable or accessible requirements
4. public or private location requirements
5. other special needs can be added
44
What is a parti diagram?
convey's the basic concept or theme of the design
represent views geography, climate, daylight, building context, spatial relationships, or cultural aspects during the schematic design process.
45
What do bubble diagrams do in the programming phase vs schematic design?
Programming - explore functional relationships
Schematic - test spatial relationships
46
What are block diagrams?
show progression of schematic design from graphics towards architectural form
resemble bubble diagram with loose shapes but represented within confines of the architectural space or building
47
what does a stacking/zoning diagram show?
a vertical type of bubble diagram that shows functions and departments to be located on each floor
48
When are square footage allocations done?
once the client's programming is complete and approved and space planning begins
49
What are the two ways designers can use square footage allocations to begin space planning?
1. By planning entire space within the footprint of the building envelope
2. Developing individual area diagrams that block out individual functional areas (cubicles, formal/informal meeting space, team areas, reception, office spaces)
50
What is a fit plan (test fit)?
tests whether the requirements and needs clarified in programming will fit into a given space.
51
Which of the following would be a programmatic concept?
A. Install and alarm on the door leading out to the pool to alert parents when the door has been opened
B. Enclose the Outdoor pool with a gate that is lockable from the inside
C. Provide a level of safety and security to prevent children from entering the pool area without proper supervision
D. All of the above
C.
A programmatic concept is a performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem, not the actual design solution
52
```
The "brand" of any client conveys meaning to their users/customers. In regard to a corporate brand and how it affects the design of a project, which is NOT typically a brand factor that a designer considers in creating their design solution?
A. social customs
B. corporate color(s)
C. company logo
D. customer service quality
```
A.
A brand involves all the elements that can help to identify a company to its customers. It includes its logo, corporate colors, company name, and the quality of customer service expected by the buyer
53
A new company is having you design their first office space. As a new company, they are unsure of the space requirements they will need for planning, but they do have a business plan mapping their expected employee growth. What would be the best method to determine their necessary square footage?
A. multiply the area one person needs by the total number of people in the same area
B. based upon past experience, by comparing to a similar client you have worked with
C. determining the size of an object or piece of equipment that is critical to the space
D. compare the client's existing workflow with the space available
A.
Since you have the given variable of expected employee growth, you can assume from a business occupancy type that a given worker needs approximately 100sf each to accomplish their daily tasks which should include ancillary space as well as circulation. This will give you a quick and decent expectation of how much square footage to plan for.
54
When square footage needs have not been pre-determined or pre-defined, how can the needs be determined?
A. by the number of people that must be accommodated
B. by an object or piece of equipment
C. by a specific activity that has its own clearly specified space needs
D. all of these
D.
Where square footages are not defined by the client, space for a particular use is determined in one of three ways:
1. by the number of people that must be accommodated
2. by an object or piece of equipment
3. a specific activity that has its own clearly specified space needs
55
```
The designer is using cost data from the prototype of a chain restaurant along with construction cost indices to estimate costs for a similar project in other cities. If the expected construction cost is $1,250,000 based on prices for St. Louis, what is the expected cost in Raleigh-Durham? Calculated the adjustment factor to 4 decimal places.
Raleigh Durham 80
Phoenix 90
City average 100
San Jose 118
St Louis 105
Boston 120
A. $937,500
B. $1,562,500
C. $1,640,625
D. $952,375
```
D.
80/105 = 0.7619
0.7619(1,250,000) = 952,375
56
You are converting a retail warehouse into a new cowering space and suspect that areas of the existing ceiling contain asbestos. What do you do next?
Note: none of the ceiling material is friable or airborne, but is completely intact
A. encapsulate the asbestos to protect it from becoming friable or airborne
B. have asbestos removed by a licensed contractor certified for this type of work
C. nothing, per the EPA and OSHA, undisturbed asbestos can be left in place because it does not pose a health risk
D. any of these choices would be an option
B
Testing for asbestos and mitigation efforts must be done by an accredited company following strict procedures.
In many cases if the asbestos has not been disturbed it can be left in place because EPA and OSHA have determined that intact and undisturbed materials do not pose a health risk.
During building demolition or renovation, the EPA does require asbestos removal. This must be done by a licensed professional
57
The designer has been assigned to work on a 3,000 SF assisted living facility. One of the program requirements is to ensure all restrooms are ADA compliant. What is the first thing the designer should verify during the site investigation?
A. the location of all plumbing fixtures and pipes
B. all fixture mounting heights
C. Potential environmental problems such as asbestos and lead
D. restroom dimensions
D
both the location of the plumbing fixtures and pipes along with fixture mounting heights are important for ADA compliance; however, until the room is sized appropriately these do not apply.
58
A client has requested a new entry to her consulting business, which is located in an old, unsprinklered building. The client's space must conform to current IBC requirements. The current entrance consists of a pair of all glass doors mounted on floor closers. The entrance opens onto a 1-hour rated building corridor. What should the designer tell the client to expect regarding the new entrance?
A. One of the doors will have to be moved
B. The floor closers will have to be changed to hinges
C. The glass doors will have to be replaced
D. Smoke seals will have to be located around the edges of the glass doors
C
Smoke seals will be required, but the most important thing is that the glass doors will have to be replaced, either with solid, 20-minute rated doors or with 20-minute rated doors with glass that is also 20-minute rated.
Because this will significantly change the appearance of the existing entry, it is the first thing the client should be told to expect. Either pivoted floor closers or hinges may be used as long as they are fire rated and the door is side swinging.
59
Why is it important to include the buildings construction type in your existing conditions analysis?
A. to confirm if proposed occupancy changes do not exceed the maximum allowable area
B. to allow the designer to implement as many "changes in use" as the project scope requires
C. To confirm if upgrades proposed by the design team will be necessary due to the new occupancy
D. Because code officials will need to establish it based on the new project's size and occupancy
A.
“Interior designers must know the construction type if major changes are being made. For example, if a building or portion of a building is being changed from a Group B (business) to a Group A (assembly) occupancy, the interior designer must know the construction type to verify that the maximum area is not exceeded. If the maximum area is being exceeded, it may be necessary to construct a firewall or add sprinklers.”
60
```
Buildings constructed prior to which year are likely to contain spray-on fireproofing and insulation containing asbestos?
A. 1968
B. 1970
C. 1973
D. 1978
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C.
61
Which of the following lighting strategies would provide the most significant energy savings and benefit occupants psychologically in a commercial space?
A. Converting all lighting to fluorescent or LEDs
B. using occupancy sensors
C. flexible lighting with individual controls
D. daylighting
D.
Electric lighting and the cooling it requires typically account for 30%-40% of a commercial building’s total energy use and can sometimes range as high as 50%.
Natural light and the resulting views to the outside benefit the occupants of a space both physically and psychologically. For these reasons, space plans should maximize daylighting.
62
Which of the following is the LEAST effective for maximizing indoor air quality?
A. conducting a post-occupancy evaluation
B. developing a maintenance manual
C. specifying materials with low VOCs
D. Planning separate rooms for large copiers
A.
Indoor air quality can best be attained when established as a goal at the beginning of the project.
Although post-occupancy evaluations are good tools for verifying that earlier decisions regarding IAQ are being maintained, the other three options are ways to establish air quality requirements at the beginning of a project.
63
```
Which of the following fabrics would be considered the most environmentally friendly option in its attributes by removing items from the waste stream?
A. WF-8 Abacus
B. WF-7 Memory
C. WF-1 Wool Check
D. WF-2 Blumen
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A.
WF-8 Abacus with 54% Post-Industrial Recycled Polyester, 46% Post-Consumer Recycled Polyester is the most friendly to the environment as it is all recycled content.
64
What can an interior designer do to improve indoor air quality?
A. Specify non-toxic cleaning chemicals
B. Bring in outdoor air via the HVAC system
C. Specify operable windows to let in fresh air
D. Specify low-emitting interior finishes
D.
An interior designer has the most control over interior finishes that are specified.
An interior designer does not typically specify windows or HVAC systems.
65
The more _________ a material has the less raw materials and energy is required to process the raw materials into a final product.
recycled content
66
What three types of recycled content should be considered?
1. post consumer materials
2. post-industrial materials
3. recovered materials
67
What does it mean when a product is labeled 'Oeko-Tex Certified'?
it is free from harmful chemicals and safe for human use.
68
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Within the IPC or International Plumbing Codes, proper water quality analysis include turbidity. What is turbidity?
A. biological purity
B. mineral content
C. potability
D. cloudiness
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D
Local health departments and special consultants can assure proper quantity and quality of supply water through water‐quality analysis. This process assesses mineral content, turbidity (cloudiness), total amount of solids, biological purity, and suitability for intended use.
69
Which of the following regarding water piping regulations in commercial and residential usage is CORRECT?
A. Lead piping is not allowed for water piping by current IPC plumbing codes and regulations.
B. As lead piping reacts with the water mineral content to form a protective coast, it is always allowed.
C. All types of plastic piping are allowed by local plumbing codes as a replacement for lead piping.
D. While copper, plastic and galvanized steel are current forms of water piping, lead is not outlawed.
D.
lead on the inside surface of a pipe quickly reacts to form a coating that keeps it from leaching out of the pipe. However lead content in water may still exceed safe guidelines when the water is highly acidic or is allowed to sit in lead pipes for a long time.
Today, plumbing supply pipes are made of copper, red brass, galvanized steel, and plastic. Local codes vary in acceptance of plastic piping.
70
Which is not a result of the passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)?
A. Allows the EPA regulate the production of industrial chemicals
B. Mandates the removal of toxic chemicals from contaminated buildings
C. Gives the EPA the ability to track chemicals imported into the US
D. Allows the EPA to ban importation of toxic chemicals into the US
B.
71
What two aspects of sustainable interior design have a direct affect on human health?
A. sustainable materials and energy conservation.
B. indoor air quality and sustainable materials.
C. indoor air quality and energy conservation.
D. energy conservation and building re-use.
B
The work of interior designers is directly concerned with the health, safety, and welfare of building occupants. Aspects of sustainable design such as indoor air quality and sustainable materials have direct impacts on human health.
72
What two aspects of environmental regulations often create challenges for interior designers as to the quality of the environment?
A. Energy Efficiency and Recycling and Reuse requirements
B. Indoor Air Quality and Hazardous Material disposal codes
C. Hazardous Material disposal and Recycle and Reuse standards
D. Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency regulations
D
73
You are working on the renovation on an existing property into a small hotel convention center and meeting facility.
What should you do before beginning the project?
A. Verify the capacities of the HVAC and electrical systems to handle new occupancies
B. Schedule a walk through, for measuring, photographing and determining views from the space
C. Analyze codes and regulations that pertain to the project, determining sustainability requirements and goals for the project
D. all of these
D
74
What is seen as an important factor in choosing a “resilient” site for a new project?
A. transportation availability for building occupants
B. ample access to alternative food supply sources
C. the ability to provide remote work options
D. multiple sources of public energy services to the building
A
design strategies to address major crisis events:
Green roofs as outdoor refuge spaces and food production
On-site renewable energy
Building elements above a floodplain
Transportation for building occupants, including public transportation, bicycles, and inflatable rafts
On-site storage of emergency supplies Emergency communications
Shelter in place
Training for personnel Communications with occupants
75
```
Conducting a site analysis is?
A. done during the design development phase
B. the architect's responsibility
C. not necessary for smaller projects
D. due diligence
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D
76
Which information should the designer know first when designing a home with a passive solar heating system?
A. Quantity of thermal mass needed to store solar heat.
B. Orientation of the building to the sun.
C. Area of glazing required to achieve desired
temperatures.
D. Climate zone in which the project will be constructed.
D
Passive solar energy refers to the harvesting of solar heat without the use of mechanical or electrical systems, such as pumps or fans.
77
At what point in the design process would you create a parti diagram?
A. after the bubble diagrams and design concept are completed
B. schematic design phase
C. before the design concept statement is created
D. during the programming design phase
A.
A parti diagram is created after some analysis is completed, and opportunities, limitations, client’s requirements are known. Functionality should be known.Bubble diagrams and adjacency analysis are completed first.
78
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A criteria matrix is used for:
A. organizing programming information
B. design budgets
C. creating symmetrical floor plans
D. construction schedules
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A
A criteria or decision matrix is a means of visually representing programming information and requirements so that alternative choices are visibly represented.
79
An adjacency matrix is used to:
A. list end user profiles, needs, and activities
B. establish space planning relationship and priorities
C. visualize pairing for power and data locations
D. represent spatial relationships within the confines of the known space
B
80
Ideas are sketched, during the schematic design phase, in abstract forms/shapes in plan view that represent the program’s spaces, activities, and circulation patterns.
What are these conceptual sketches referred to as?
A. parti diagrams
B. bubble diagrams
C. matrices
D. zoning patterns
B
A designer often explores a number of alternative arrangements with bubble diagrams. Bubble diagrams can be used for exploring functional relationships in programming and/or for conceptual space planning. The key is to understand what is the purpose or outcome behind the diagram.
Diagrams drawn within the limitations of the building become block plans.
81
One of the primary purposes of a prototype sketch is?
A. to quickly communicate to the client the layout of each space
B. a visual aid to be used in an informal design presentation
C. to see how much square footage each function or space will potentially take up in the finished design
D. to determine the final furniture layout for each space or room
C
One of the primary purposes of a space study or prototype sketch is to determine how much square footage each function or space will potentially take up in the finished design.Space studies are sketched to scale and allow designers to explore different furniture arrangements and circulation requirements. Space studies are especially useful when laying out systems furniture as there are many arrangements possible.
82
```
This drawing that generally shows most of the furniture and equipment to scale, and gives the designer an opportunity to see if the actual spaces are suitable for the proposed building space:
A. matrix plan
B. parti diagram
C. test fit plan
D. hierarchy plan
```
C
A test fit plan generally shows most of the furniture and equipment and is drawn to scale. This gives designers and students an opportunity to see if the actual spaces will “fit” into the proposed building space
83
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A special type of adjacency diagram that shows the locations of major spaces or departments when a project occupies more than one floor of a multistory building is?
A. multi level adjacency matrix
B. folded adjacency matrix
C. multi floor schedule
D. stacking diagram
```
D
84
```
Which diagram is part of the schematic design phase and used to move from verbal and simplified graphic notation toward true scale and the eventual realization of architectural form?
A. bubble diagram
B. block plan
C. prototype sketches
D. floor plan
```
B
Block diagrams represent the progression of the schematic design phase from simple graphics towards architectural form.
85
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Which method of information gathering entails using photographs from different angles to create a three-dimensional model?
A. sterophotogrammetry
B. orthophotography
C. convergent photogrammetry
D. rectified photography
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C
Convergent photogrammetry entails using photographs from different angles to create a three-dimensional model. This process takes a long time but is relatively inexpensive.
86
What is Stereophotogrammetry?
Stereophotogrammetry entails superimposing one photograph of a building over another, creating an image that can easily be converted into a 3-D depiction. This process requires special software and equipment.
87
What is Rectified photography?
Rectified photography is a technique for producing scalable images of building façades.
88
What is Orthophotography?
Orthophotography is a technique for aggregating digital photographs into a single, three- dimensional image, using sophisticated computer programs.
89
during the programming and analysis phase of a project?
A. bubble diagrams, construction plans, site photographs, post occupancy interviews
B. employee interviews, matrices, precedent studies, furniture schedules
C. precedent studies, site photographs, matrices, employee interviews
D. post occupancy interviews, site photographs, bubble diagrams, construction plans
C.
Precedent studies and employee interviews are used as part of the designer's research methods. Matrices are just one of the analysis tools use in working with the data collected.An existing building can be field measured and photographed, and special onsite conditions can be noted.
90
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In understanding the relationship between public and private zones in the entry spaces of a residential design, a good tool to use to both explore and explain those issues to the client is ...
A. a bubble diagram
B. a space plan layout
C. an adjacency matrix
D. a blocking diagram
```
A
91
Using behavioral analytics as part of the Interior Design programming process is helpful as it does which of the following?
A. It allows real time data gathering of how users experience a space.
B. It provides lists of monitored sites within an existing building.
C. It generates comparisons between similar types of spaces.
D. It develops useful information on employee interpersonal interactions.
A
User behavior analytics (UBA) is the tracking, collecting, and assessing of user data and activities using observation and monitoring systems for the purpose of finding existing usage patterns, trends, and relationships to better predict future user and occupant behavior.
