MODULE 3 - Human Factors, Codes & Standards Flashcards
1
Q
In regards to behavioral settings, personalization
A.happens only in a work setting
B. is one of the ways territoriality manifests itself
C. should not be a factor in final design solution
D. is one of the 4 basic distance theories of proxemics
A
B.
2
Q
Which of the following design considerations LEAST affects the customer in a retail space?
A. Location of the sales counter.
B. Interface with the display.
C. Display visibility.
D. Display adjustability.
A
D.
3
Q
Important criteria for designing a lighting cove detail would include all of the following EXCEPT
A.substrates
B. design intent
C. labor costs
D. ergonomics
A
D.
Ergonomics is the scientific study of the physical functioning of humans in the environment.
Ergonomic design would not be a factor in the design of something that people do not come in direct contact with
4
Q
Which of the following is best described as the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces?
A. Ergonomics
B. anthropometrics
C. proxemics
D. human factors
A
D.
The field of human factors involves the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces, as it relates to the human scale
5
Q
A client has asked a designer to create an intimate seating area for a hospital waiting room. Which of the following is likely to have the greatest impact on achieving a client’s goal?
A. color
B. scale
C. texture
D. pattern
A
B.
6
Q
What are human factors?
A
focus on the fit between objects, spaces, and users, emphasizing physical dimensions.
Psychological, social, and physical needs are also considered
7
Q
What is anthropometrics?
A
focuses on the size, proportion, and range of body motions. Findings are grouped by sex, age, and percentile ratios
8
Q
What is ergonomics?
A
studies the relationships between the human body and the physical environment.
It uses anthropometrics as the basis but focuses more on interaction between people and specific objects or tasks
9
Q
What is Proxemics?
A
Describes how people use a space based on circumstance, social and cultural aspects.
Intimate Distance
Personal Distance
Social Distance
Public Distance
10
Q
What does a Sociopetal furniture arrangement do?
Sociofugal?
A
Sociopetal - helps social interaction
Sociofugal - discourage interaction
11
Q
What is Territoriality?
A
non-verbal communication in claiming ownership of a space
12
Q
What is Personalization?
A
A means of expressing territoriality. The most common example is how people decorate their offices with personal items
13
Q
What are “contextually appropriate design solutions”?
A
an approach to design decision making that involves consideration of environmental, social, cultural, economic, ecological, and political conditions that may influence and be influenced by the design solution
14
Q
What are some influences on design(5)?
A
Cultural and societal beliefs
Political Conditions
Cultural Symbolism
Regionalism
Psychological factors
15
Q
How are environmental and ecological factors reflected in design?
A
with the emphasis on sustainable design both as a process and the effect on the choice of materials, which would be influenced by regionalism
16
Q
What are Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?
A
shelter
security and protection
companionship
self esteem
self actualization
17
Q
What are the guidelines to developing quality design?
A
-Understanding of and application of the elements and principles of design
- Observation of nature
- Knowledge of historical and contemporary styles
- Reading professional journals and magazines
- Awareness of but not adherence to fashion or trends
- Simplicity, timelessness and quality
- Integrity and authenticity
18
Q
What do the Elements and Principles of design do?
A
these are the tools that all designers use as the foundation of their designs (interior designers, architects, painters etc.)
These are visual building blocks common to all design practices
19
Q
What are the elements of design?
A
Form
Scale
Color
Texture
Pattern
Light
20
Q
What are the Principles of design?
A
Balance
Harmony and Unity
Rhythm
Emphasis and focus
Contrast and Variety
21
Q
Placing emphasis on providing simple, rational solutions to design problems without extraneous decoration is known as?
A. realism
B. minimalism
C. culturalism
D. functionalism
A
D.
Functionalism places emphasis on providing simple, rational solutions to design problems without extraneous decoration. It is best represented by the modernism of the early 20th century.
22
Q
Which element of design is created with lines, planes, volumes, and to a lesser extent, points
A. scale
B. volume
C. form
D. pattern
A
C.
23
Q
Political Conditions, economic conditions, cultural attitudes, symbolism and regionalism are all?
A. physiological and social influences
B. social and cultural beliefs that often influence interior design
C. the tenets upon which the Maslow Theory of Hierarchy of Needs is based
D. existing conditions irrelevant to the design solution
A
B.
Political conditions, economic conditions, cultural attitudes, symbolism and regionalism are all social and cultural beliefs that often influence interior design.
24
Q
All of the following relate to the design principle proportion EXCEPT?
A. Fibonacci series
B. Gestalt Psychology
C. Modular System
D. Golden Section
A
B.
Gestalt psychology holds that humans innately perceive things as a whole and has nothing to do with the design principle, proportion.
25
Identifying the project location, climate conditions, views, and natural and built features around the site are parts of what type of influences on interior design?
A. Aesthetic requirements
B. Environmental and ecological factors
C. Social and cultural influences
D. Hierarchy of needs
B
26
What are sensory considerations?
they include how the principles and elements of design work with acoustics, lighting, visual stimuli, color theory, scent, and tactile qualities in the design solution
27
What is Neurodiversity?
refers to the natural range of variation in human cognition. It's an umbrella term for people who aren't neurotypical.
Includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, Tourette syndrome, neurological challenges resulting from brain injury
28
Visual Stimuli affect ______ and help occupants understand space
perception
29
One body of research found that ______ features are more important than _____ features for addressing the visual disorder
spatial (non-straight edges, asymmetry)
Color (hue, saturation, value)
30
Lighting research has suggested that ______ lighting levels can also intensify emotions
bright
31
What is Circadian Lighting?
concept that electric light can be used to support human health by minimizing the effect of electric light on the human circadian rhythm
It can improve attention and reduce stress
32
_____ colors are used in restaurants and eating environments
warm
33
Color is also important as a clue in __________ by showing how to interact with the environment
wayfinding
34
Acoustic noise vs sound
sound is what we hear
noise is unwanted sound
35
workplace interruptions occur every _ minutes
7
36
Tactile texture vs visual texture
tactile is felt by touch, whereas eyes see visual texture
37
Tactile sensations can help the ______ ______ and others navigate effectively through a space
visually impaired
38
What is odor evoked autobiographical memory?
when you smell something that transports you to another place or time
39
What is Biophilic design?
concept used to increase occupancy connectivity to the natural environment
40
What factors beyond air temperature effect our thermal comfort?
season
clothing
humidity
air movement
heat produced by other people or objects
41
What is thermal comfort?
When we maintain our body temperature within a consistent range
42
What is thermal equilibrium?
When skin moisture is low, and body temp regulation requires minimal effort
43
What are some factors that make us thermally uncomfortable?
uneven radiation from hot and cold surfaces
temperature stratification (when hot air rises above cooler air)
differences between air temperature and MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature)
chilly drafts
warmer or cooler floor surfaces
44
What is conduction?
heat transfer from direct contact with cooler surfaces, like holding a warm cup of tea in your cold hands
45
What is convection
the surrounding air absorbs heat. increasing airflow in a crowded auditorium helps dissipate an increase in ambient temperature
46
What is Radiation
Heat transferred to cooler objects without direct contact, like sitting near a fire or a sunny window on a cold day
47
What is Evaporation
heat is drawn from the body by turning liquid into vapor. sweating helps cold the body when it evaporates, especially with higher airflow.
48
Which element of design is one of the most powerful tools for the interior designer and is also one of the most complex to understand and apply?
A. texture
B. proportion
C. harmony
D. color
D.
Color is one of the most dominant perceptions of the physical world and one of the most powerful tools for interior designers. At the same time, color response is one of the most complex physical and psychological phenomenons to understand and use correctly.
49
When you are developing a criteria matrix to help organize users needs regarding acoustics, which of the following is NOT one of the first issues you should identify?
A. sound privacy
B. noise transmission
C. sound absorption
D. noise isolation
B.
50
Why are ozone generators rarely recommended in building ventilation systems?
A. they increase the perception of indoor warning odors to long-term occupants of the space
B. They chemically cover up foul-smelling outside air odors before they enter the interior environment
C. They mask important odors that help up smell the quality of our indoor air environment quality
D. they provide the means to absorb toxic indoor odors and release them when no longer dangerous
C.
51
Of the following aspects of acoustics in the design of interior spaces, which is the one that interior designers should be most concerned about addressing?
A. control of sound
B. production of sound
C. transmission of sound
D. effects of sound
A.
In interior design, we are concerned with the control of sound in interior spaces. More specifically, we want to preserve and enhance desired sounds and reduce or eliminate undesired sound or noise — sounds that would interfere with our activities.
52
In a fire, building occupants typically make decisions in a predictable manner. Please identify the correct order for those decisions
A. smelling smoke, hearing breaking glass, awareness of alarm bells, sight of flames
B. sight of flames, smell of smoke, hearing breaking glass, awareness of alarm bells
C. hearing breaking glass, awareness of alarm bells, smelling smoke, sight of flames
D. awareness of alarm bells, smelling smoke, sight of flames, hearing breaking glass
A
53
What is Universal Design?
designing spaces and products that everyone can use. It satisfies the needs of the disabled, able-bodies, the young, and the old while avoiding segregating any particular group
54
What are the 7 principles that the Center for Excellence in Universal Design has suggested.
1. Equitable Use
2. Flexible in use
3. Simple and intuitive use
4. Perceptible Information
5. Tolerance for error
6. Low physical effort
7. Appropriate size and space
55
What is inclusive design?
encompasses designing for various cognitive, gender, racial and cultural differences to create an equitable environment for all kinds of people who do not fit the average
56
What is accessible design?
focuses on the needs of people with disabilities
57
Universal Design is not a _______ for compliance with accessible design. Universal Design goes further in seeking best practices in design.
synonym
58
What is the overlap between Universal Design and Accessible Design?
ADA legislation - outlines the minimum requirement to stop discrimination toward people with disabilities
59
How is "ability" defined?
Possession of the means of skill to do something
60
What is ability based design?
focuses on what people CAN do. Instead of focusing on what occupants cannot do, environments adapt to users rather than the other way around
61
What are special needs?
individuals needing medical, mental or psychological disabilities. These people need support beyond ADAAG and other standards
62
What is Aging in place?
refers to a senior living in the home of their choice as they age while having the services and support they need over time as their needs change.
63
What are the most common problems with aging in place?
getting in/out of the home
too weak to climb stairs
fear of falling
doorways too narrow for wheelchair
need for emergency help
limited mobility
difficulty getting in/out of the shower
difficulty turning doorknobs and faucet handles
64
What are design considerations for bariatric design?
dimension and shape
safe working load or working load limit
static load
dynamic load
functional load
65
What are design modifications for bariatric use?
wider doorways and accessible routes
bathrooms with floor mounted fixtures and room for caregiver
bedrooms close to the toilet
public seating with and without arms
66
Because of the broad age group associated with pediatrics, what consideration is most important in addressing universal design aspects?
A. color choices should be kept to a minimum to prevent visual distractions
B. hard surfaces should be used throughout the facility including play areas
C.exam rooms should be designed to accommodate many patient sizes
D. waiting rooms should be large open spaces to accommodate all patients
C
67
Where would contrast be of BEST use in a facility for the elderly?
A.Stair treads
B. Furniture and flooring
C.Wayfinding signage
D. Corridor walls and flooring
A
68
When designing a home for a client who uses a wheelchair, what is the most important factor when considering windows in a living room?
A. Provide jalousie windows to provide ventilation
B. Provide a large bay window to provide a pleasing view
C. Provide wired glass for safety
D. Provide crank handles
D
69
While there are no specific “bariatric” furniture standards, there are standards for “large occupants” that approach bariatric weight ranges (upwards of 600 lbs/272 kilos). One such standard is:
A.BIFMA e3
B. ANSI/BIFMA X7.1
C. ANSI/ BIFMA X5.11
D. NSF/ANSI 336
C
They published BIFMA X5.11 for large occupant (254-400 lbs) in 2015 and they have a draft standard on the back burner for healthcare furniture; BIFMA HCF 8.2.
70
What are the main attributes of bariatric design in furniture?
A. width is wider and frames are stronger
B. cushions are water-resistant and height is lower
C. width is smaller and height is lower
D. frames are shallower and weight is increased
A
71
Which of the following is TRUE about a circular accessible handrail for stairs?
A.must be mounted between 36" and 42" above the front edge of the step
B. should have a diameter between 1 1/4" to 2"
C. must be made of a non-slip material
D. must have a 1 1/2" clear space between the handrail and the wall
B
72
Accessible urinals must sit a maximum of how many inches/mm to the top of the rim?
A. 16" (406 mm) AFF
B. 17" (430 mm) AFF
C. 24" (608 mm) AFF
D. 15" (380 mm) AFF
B
73
what is the correct dimension for the top of rim height for an ADA urinal?
A. 1’-3”
B. 1’-7”
C. 1’-6”
D. 1’-5”
D
74
What is the minimum clear floor space required for side transfer for an accessible (barrier free) shower?
A. 30"x 60" (750 mm x 1500 mm)
B. 36" x 48" (900 mm x 1200 mm)
C. 30" x 48" (750 mm x 1200 mm)
D. 60" (1500mm) turning circle
B
A clearance of 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum in length measured perpendicular from the control wall, and 36 inches (915 mm) minimum in depth shall be provided adjacent to the open face of the compartment.”
75
The vertical grab bar at the side-wall of an accessible toilet must be mounted at:
A. 33" (840 mm) - 36" (900 mm) AFF
B. 30" (760 mm) - 36" (900 mm) AFF
C. 34" (850 mm) - 42" (1060 mm) AFF
D. 39 inches (990 mm) - 41 inches (1040 mm) AFF
D
76
Which of the following is NOT true about all suite exit doors when the suites are located in a multi-level commercial building?
A. exit access doors must open in the direction of exit travel
B. there must be 18" (455 mm) clear space on the push side of the door and 12" (305) clear space on the pull side
C. doors from occupied spaces into the path of egress travel cannot project more than 7 in. (180 mm) into the required width
D. doors shall be a minimum of 7ft (2.1M) high
B
77
If a passing route is less than 60″W (1525 mm), then passing spaces at least 60″ x 60″ (1525 mm x 1525 mm) must be provided at intervals not to exceed?
A. 1/3rd the distance of the length of the corridor
B. 100 ft (30 m)
C. 1/2 the distance of the length of the corridor
D. 200 ft (61 m)
D
78
In order to support caring for an elderly family member, the designer needs to add an accessible bathroom in the client’s home. The designer must take space from two closets in two bedrooms to make enough room. the client wants a tub/shower, a toilet and lavatory.
They will install a permanent tiled shower seat. For the smallest size tub available, what is the finished size of the alcove?
A. 28 (712) x 30 (760)
B. 30 (760) min x 60 (1525)
C. 30 (760) min x 72 (1830)
D. 30 (760) x 30 (760)
B
The smallest drop in and undermount tubs start at sizes 45 inches (1145 mm) long x 30 inches wide (760 mm). A standard size tub is 30 inches (760 mm) x 72 inches (1830 mm). Per A117 and ADA, the required size would be the length of the tub + 15″ (380 mm) for the seat.
79
When designing an accessible kitchen, all of the following are true EXCEPT?
A. appliances with controls on the front and not at the back of the appliance should be used
B. the bottom of upper cabinets should be mounted no more than 54 inches (1350 mm) AFF
C. the pipes under the sink should be wrapped and insulated to avoid possible burns
D. a toe kick that is 6 in(150 mm) x 9 in(230 mm) should be used
B
80
The minimum clear width for a door is:
A. 36"
B. 30"
C. 34"
D. 32"
D
81
What are the basic requirements and components of egress?
needs to be continuous, unobstructed, and possible from any point in the building
Exit Access
Exit
Exit Discharge
Public Way
82
What is Exit Access?
the part of the egress system that leads from an occupied area to the entrance of an exit
83
What is an exit?
the part of the egress system that provides a protected path of egress between the exit access and exit discharge
must be fully enclosed and made of fire resistive construction (1 or 2 hour rated)
84
What is an exit discharge?
part of egress that connects the exit to the public way, typically on the ground level
can be inside (main lobby) or outside
85
What is public way?
final destination of egress
street alley or similar area unobstructed from the ground up
86
What is common path of travel?
part of the exit path before you have two directions you could go to exit
87
What is minimum travel distance?
distance an occupant must travel from most remote part of the exit access to the nearest exit
88
What is the number of exits from a space based on?
occupancy type
occupancy load of the space
limitations on the travel distance length
89
What is the distance required when two exits are needed from a space?
not less than 1/2 the length of the diagonal of the room
OR
not less than 1/3 the diagonal if the building is spinklered
90
What is the minimum exit width calculations?
stairways - 0.3
corridors - 0.2
91
What is fire separation?
addresses the resistance to the spread of fire within a building
92
What is compartmentation
aims to
1. contain a fire
2. limit the spread of fire
3. allow occupants to escape the building
4. protect unaffected parts of the building
93
What is structural compartmentation achieved through?
door assembly ratings
floor-ceiling assemblies
fire rated walls
fire separations
94
What is a fire partition?
a wall with a fire resistance rating of 1 hour
corridor walls
elevator lobby
demising walls
95
What is a fire barrier?
can be vertical or horizontal
designed to confine fire and allow for safe passage
usually extends from floor-floor or floor-roof
enclose stairways, exit passageways, horizontal exits, separate occupancies
96
What is a fire wall?
exterior walls that extend continuously from the base of the building to the roof
usually 3-4 hour rating
97
What codes have to do with fire rated door assemblies?
NFPA 80
NFPA 252
NFPA 101
IBC
IFC
98
Public vs private mode for A/V alarms
Public - informs all occupants of the danger
Private - alerts only those who are expected to respond to the emergency
99
Flammability vs Flame resistance
Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion
Flame resistance is the characteristic of a material that does not continue to burn after the heat source is removed
100
What is ASTM E84
(Flammability) Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
101
What is ASTM D2859?
(Flammability) ASTM D2859, Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials, also known as the Methenamine pill test
102
What is NFPA 701?
(Flammability) NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films
103
What is toxicity?
Toxicity considers interior materials or finishes that burn and release noxious gases, smoke, or fumes. Some chemicals used in manufacturing produce toxins harmful to humans and animals.
104
What is slip resistance?
resistance of a shoe to sliding along the walkway surface
105
What is COF
Coefficient of Friction is the relationship between what’s on the bottom of a person’s shoe and the surface of a tile.
106
What is DCOF?
Dynamic Coefficient of Friction
This is the ratio of the force necessary to keep a surface already in motion sliding over another divided by an object’s weight (or normal force).
107
What is the minimum rating DCOF by ANSI?
0.42 on floor surfaces that will be wet
108
What is ANSI A137.1?
(Slip Resistance) The American National Standard Specifications for Ceramic Tile
109
What is ANSI A326.3?
(Slip Resistance)
Test Method for Dynamic Coefficient of Friction of Hard Surface Flooring Materials
110
What is ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013?
(IAQ)
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
111
What is ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013?
(IAQ)
Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low‐Rise Residential Buildings
112
When a fabric has been fire-retardant treated, it will
A. not burn
B. contribute to smoke inhibition
C. have a lower flame spread
D. resist ignition
A.
A fire-retardant (or flame-retardant) treated fabric may ignite, but it will not support continued burning.
113
In what order of importance should tables for a college library be purchased?
A. quality, comfort, finish
B. finish, flammability, cost
C. durability, cost, design
D. flammability, design, comfort
C
Because institutional furniture takes much abuse and must last a long time, durability is of primary importance.
114
The use of particleboard as part of a construction detail should be carefully evaluated in terms of the particleboard’s
A. VOC content
B. permeability
C. strength
D. availability
A
Most particleboard contains formaldehyde and may contain other volatile organic compounds.
115
What testing method and standard is used for interior wall and ceiling textile finishes?
A. NFPA 701 (Vertical Ignition Test)
B. ASTM D2859 (Methanamine Pill Test)
C. NFPA 265 (Room Corner Test)
D. ASTM E-84 (Steiner Tunnel Test)
D
116
In designing an office space for a short term lease on one floor of an office, which furniture selection would BEST meet the client’s need for an open-plan office layout?
A. Free-standing furniture with movable panels
B. A panel-hung furniture system
C. Semi-free standing furniture
D. Design modifications made to existing furniture
A
117
Which would you use to separate a building into two different construction types?
A. 3 hour fire rated partition
B. fire wall
C. fire partition
D. fire barrier
B
118
In regards to means of egress, what is the furthest common path of egress travel distance?
A. the distance between two exits within a space
B. the distance traveled to reach a fire rated area of refuge
C. the measurement from the most remote occupiable point of an area or room that an occupant must travel before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits becomes available
D. a fully enclosed portion of an exit that is only used as a means of egress and provides for a protected path of egress either in a vertical or horizontal direction
C
119
What standard is used to evaluate the requirements of emergency voice/alarm communication systems?
A. NFPA 13
B. NFPA 70
C. NFPA 72
D. NFPA 723
C
Emergency voice/alarm communication systems required by this code shall be design and installed in accordance with NFPA 72…At a minimum, paging zones shall be provided as follows:
120
What device placed in a duct is designed to automatically close when subjected to a certain increase in temperature or with the detection of smoke?
A. fire suppression detector
B. photoelectric detector
C. fire damper
D. smoke damper
C
121
Glazing in fire rated partitions, doors, and sidelights, may not exceed ____ sq. in.
240
122
What does the fire rating of a door need to be in a 1 hr wall assembly
45 minutes
123
What does the fire rating of a door need to be in a 2 hr wall assembly
1.5 hours
124
What does the fire rating of a door need to be in a 1.5 hr wall assembly
1 hour
125
Demising partitions between tenants must have what fire rating?
1 hour
126
Partitions along a public corridor must have what fire rating?
1 hour
127
Partitions tha demise an assembly area of 750 sf or greater must have what fire rating?
1 hour
128
What type of fire rating is required between mercantile occupancy and assembly occupancy?
2 hour
129
What IBC chapter talks about mixed occupancies and fire ratings
IBC 508
