MODULE 3 - Human Factors, Codes & Standards Flashcards
In regards to behavioral settings, personalization
A.happens only in a work setting
B. is one of the ways territoriality manifests itself
C. should not be a factor in final design solution
D. is one of the 4 basic distance theories of proxemics
B.
Which of the following design considerations LEAST affects the customer in a retail space?
A. Location of the sales counter.
B. Interface with the display.
C. Display visibility.
D. Display adjustability.
D.
Important criteria for designing a lighting cove detail would include all of the following EXCEPT
A.substrates
B. design intent
C. labor costs
D. ergonomics
D.
Ergonomics is the scientific study of the physical functioning of humans in the environment.
Ergonomic design would not be a factor in the design of something that people do not come in direct contact with
Which of the following is best described as the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces?
A. Ergonomics
B. anthropometrics
C. proxemics
D. human factors
D.
The field of human factors involves the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces, as it relates to the human scale
A client has asked a designer to create an intimate seating area for a hospital waiting room. Which of the following is likely to have the greatest impact on achieving a client’s goal?
A. color
B. scale
C. texture
D. pattern
B.
What are human factors?
focus on the fit between objects, spaces, and users, emphasizing physical dimensions.
Psychological, social, and physical needs are also considered
What is anthropometrics?
focuses on the size, proportion, and range of body motions. Findings are grouped by sex, age, and percentile ratios
What is ergonomics?
studies the relationships between the human body and the physical environment.
It uses anthropometrics as the basis but focuses more on interaction between people and specific objects or tasks
What is Proxemics?
Describes how people use a space based on circumstance, social and cultural aspects.
Intimate Distance
Personal Distance
Social Distance
Public Distance
What does a Sociopetal furniture arrangement do?
Sociofugal?
Sociopetal - helps social interaction
Sociofugal - discourage interaction
What is Territoriality?
non-verbal communication in claiming ownership of a space
What is Personalization?
A means of expressing territoriality. The most common example is how people decorate their offices with personal items
What are “contextually appropriate design solutions”?
an approach to design decision making that involves consideration of environmental, social, cultural, economic, ecological, and political conditions that may influence and be influenced by the design solution
What are some influences on design(5)?
Cultural and societal beliefs
Political Conditions
Cultural Symbolism
Regionalism
Psychological factors
How are environmental and ecological factors reflected in design?
with the emphasis on sustainable design both as a process and the effect on the choice of materials, which would be influenced by regionalism
What are Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?
shelter
security and protection
companionship
self esteem
self actualization
What are the guidelines to developing quality design?
-Understanding of and application of the elements and principles of design
- Observation of nature
- Knowledge of historical and contemporary styles
- Reading professional journals and magazines
- Awareness of but not adherence to fashion or trends
- Simplicity, timelessness and quality
- Integrity and authenticity
What do the Elements and Principles of design do?
these are the tools that all designers use as the foundation of their designs (interior designers, architects, painters etc.)
These are visual building blocks common to all design practices
What are the elements of design?
Form
Scale
Color
Texture
Pattern
Light
What are the Principles of design?
Balance
Harmony and Unity
Rhythm
Emphasis and focus
Contrast and Variety
Placing emphasis on providing simple, rational solutions to design problems without extraneous decoration is known as?
A. realism
B. minimalism
C. culturalism
D. functionalism
D.
Functionalism places emphasis on providing simple, rational solutions to design problems without extraneous decoration. It is best represented by the modernism of the early 20th century.
Which element of design is created with lines, planes, volumes, and to a lesser extent, points
A. scale
B. volume
C. form
D. pattern
C.
Political Conditions, economic conditions, cultural attitudes, symbolism and regionalism are all?
A. physiological and social influences
B. social and cultural beliefs that often influence interior design
C. the tenets upon which the Maslow Theory of Hierarchy of Needs is based
D. existing conditions irrelevant to the design solution
B.
Political conditions, economic conditions, cultural attitudes, symbolism and regionalism are all social and cultural beliefs that often influence interior design.
All of the following relate to the design principle proportion EXCEPT?
A. Fibonacci series
B. Gestalt Psychology
C. Modular System
D. Golden Section
B.
Gestalt psychology holds that humans innately perceive things as a whole and has nothing to do with the design principle, proportion.
Identifying the project location, climate conditions, views, and natural and built features around the site are parts of what type of influences on interior design?
A. Aesthetic requirements
B. Environmental and ecological factors
C. Social and cultural influences
D. Hierarchy of needs
B
What are sensory considerations?
they include how the principles and elements of design work with acoustics, lighting, visual stimuli, color theory, scent, and tactile qualities in the design solution
What is Neurodiversity?
refers to the natural range of variation in human cognition. It’s an umbrella term for people who aren’t neurotypical.
Includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, Tourette syndrome, neurological challenges resulting from brain injury
Visual Stimuli affect ______ and help occupants understand space
perception
One body of research found that ______ features are more important than _____ features for addressing the visual disorder
spatial (non-straight edges, asymmetry)
Color (hue, saturation, value)
Lighting research has suggested that ______ lighting levels can also intensify emotions
bright
What is Circadian Lighting?
concept that electric light can be used to support human health by minimizing the effect of electric light on the human circadian rhythm
It can improve attention and reduce stress
_____ colors are used in restaurants and eating environments
warm
Color is also important as a clue in __________ by showing how to interact with the environment
wayfinding
Acoustic noise vs sound
sound is what we hear
noise is unwanted sound
workplace interruptions occur every _ minutes
7
Tactile texture vs visual texture
tactile is felt by touch, whereas eyes see visual texture
Tactile sensations can help the ______ ______ and others navigate effectively through a space
visually impaired
What is odor evoked autobiographical memory?
when you smell something that transports you to another place or time
What is Biophilic design?
concept used to increase occupancy connectivity to the natural environment
What factors beyond air temperature effect our thermal comfort?
season
clothing
humidity
air movement
heat produced by other people or objects
What is thermal comfort?
When we maintain our body temperature within a consistent range
What is thermal equilibrium?
When skin moisture is low, and body temp regulation requires minimal effort
What are some factors that make us thermally uncomfortable?
uneven radiation from hot and cold surfaces
temperature stratification (when hot air rises above cooler air)
differences between air temperature and MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature)
chilly drafts
warmer or cooler floor surfaces
What is conduction?
heat transfer from direct contact with cooler surfaces, like holding a warm cup of tea in your cold hands
What is convection
the surrounding air absorbs heat. increasing airflow in a crowded auditorium helps dissipate an increase in ambient temperature
What is Radiation
Heat transferred to cooler objects without direct contact, like sitting near a fire or a sunny window on a cold day
What is Evaporation
heat is drawn from the body by turning liquid into vapor. sweating helps cold the body when it evaporates, especially with higher airflow.
Which element of design is one of the most powerful tools for the interior designer and is also one of the most complex to understand and apply?
A. texture
B. proportion
C. harmony
D. color
D.
Color is one of the most dominant perceptions of the physical world and one of the most powerful tools for interior designers. At the same time, color response is one of the most complex physical and psychological phenomenons to understand and use correctly.
When you are developing a criteria matrix to help organize users needs regarding acoustics, which of the following is NOT one of the first issues you should identify?
A. sound privacy
B. noise transmission
C. sound absorption
D. noise isolation
B.
Why are ozone generators rarely recommended in building ventilation systems?
A. they increase the perception of indoor warning odors to long-term occupants of the space
B. They chemically cover up foul-smelling outside air odors before they enter the interior environment
C. They mask important odors that help up smell the quality of our indoor air environment quality
D. they provide the means to absorb toxic indoor odors and release them when no longer dangerous
C.
Of the following aspects of acoustics in the design of interior spaces, which is the one that interior designers should be most concerned about addressing?
A. control of sound
B. production of sound
C. transmission of sound
D. effects of sound
A.
In interior design, we are concerned with the control of sound in interior spaces. More specifically, we want to preserve and enhance desired sounds and reduce or eliminate undesired sound or noise — sounds that would interfere with our activities.