1 Project Assessment, Programming, Planning Flashcards
What does the ICC stand for?
International Code Council
What is the ADA
A national federal law (not a code or standard) that regulates removal of barriers for the physically disabled
ADA vs ICC A117.1
ADA is based on A117.1 but is not a code or standard. Designers must adhere to the ADA when designing facilities covered by the law
What is a model code?
a code that has been written by a group comprised of experts knowledgeable in the field w/o reference to any particular geographical area
What is the IBC
Primary model code
produced by ICC
What is ANSI
American National Standards Institute
standards approving group
What is ASTM?
organization that publishes thousands of test procedures that show how the test must be done
What is BOMA
Building Owners and Managers Association
produces standards detailing common methods of measuring spaces
ANSI BOMA Z65.1 - Legacy Method
may result in different load factors for each floor
uses separate R/U ratio (rentable area divided by usable area) for each floor
ANSI BOMA Z65.1 - Single Load Factor Method
uses same load factor for all floors
uses R/O ratio (net floor area divided by usable area) instead of the R/U ratio
What is an efficiency factor?
a mathematical ratio of one area to another
takes into account the required circulation per tenant and non-usable area required for partitions, columns etc.
Efficiency factors of different spaces
office - 0.75 retail - 0.75 bank - 0.70 restaurant - 0.70 hotel - 0.70 public library - 0.77 school - 0.60 apartment - 0.66 hospital - 0.54
What is rentable area?
tenants occupant area x load factor
to account for the shared portions of building
ANSI BOMA Z65.1 - partial floor
When office lease space only occupies a portion of a floor
if glass is >50% of wall area, occ. area is measured from inside of glass surface of exterior walls to finished inside surface of tenant side of corridor and from centerlines of demising walls
if glass is <50% of wall area, space is measured to inside surface of exterior wall
columns, recessed entries, and structural projections are ignored
ANSI BOMA Z65.1 - full floor
tenant area includes all space taken by the base building circulation, as well as elevator lobby
What is base building circulation
the minimum path on a multi-occupant floor necessary for access to and egress from occupant areas, elevators, stairs, restrooms, janitors closets, and similar areas
What are the two methods ANSI BOMA Z65.1 uses to determine rentable area?
The Legacy Method
Single Load Factor
4 energy categories that ID can reduce energy consumption
building commissioning, mechanical systems, electricity use, plumbing
What is building commissioning?
process of inspecting, testing, starting up, and adjusting building systems and then verifying and documenting that they are operating as intended and meet the design criteria of the contract docs
Ways ID can reduce energy with mechanical systems
design tenants HVAC system to conform to most stringent energy code
do not use mechanical system components for tenant spaces that include CFC-Refrigerants (mandatory for LEED)
Use displacement ventilation if possible (supply is at floor level)
Actions ID can take to reduce energy with electricity
reduce power required for lighting (task/ambient systems/daylight)
spec auto lighting controls
have elec engineer set up nonemergency lighting on timer for nonbusiness hours
specify daylight responsive controls
spec energy efficient appliances
spec sub metering equip. to measure and record energy uses within a space
Actions ID can take to reduce energy with plumbing
spec low flow fixtures
What are some indoor air contaminants?
Chemical: VOCs Inorganic Chemicals Tobacco smoke Biological: Mold pollen bacteria viruses
What three conditions are required for mold to grow?
moisture, a nutrient, and a temp from 40-100 degrees
Causes of poor indoor air quality
- chemical contaminants from indoor sources
- chemical contaminants from outdoor sources
- biological contaminants
- poor ventilation
Symptoms of poor indoor air quality
sick building syndrome
building-related illness
multiple chemical sensitivities
What is sick building syndrome
a condition in which building occupants experience a variety of health related symptoms that cannot be directly linked to any particular cause
What is Building related illness
a condition in which the health related symptom of a buildings occupants are identified and can be directly attributed to certain building contaminants
What is multiple chemical sensitivity
a condition brought on by exposure to VOCs or other chemicals
Strategies for maintaining good IAQ
Eliminate or reduce source of pollution
control ventilation
establish good maintenance
control occupant activity
What is adaptive reuse?
begins with reusing as much of the existing building stock as possible instead of constructing new buildings
Renewable Materials
Includes products typically made from plants that are harvested within a cycle of 10 years or less
Can get LEED credit for using rapidly renewable building materials and products for 5% of the total value of all building materials
When are existing conditions determined?
during the field survey and site analysis
recorded on plans, elevations and other sketches as necessary
Aspects of existing conditions that influence the space plan of an interior designer
relationship to surrounding areas size of existing space views special features structural considerations plumbing
Hazardous materials
Asbestos Vermiculite Lead Radon polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
Seismic Design
diagonal steel bracing is used in place of concrete walls for lateral seismic support
ID elements that may need detailed to resist earthquake forces include
partitions tied to ceilings
suspended ceilings, HVAC, lights, sprinklers, furniture
access floors
What aspects of accessibility should be evaluated during existing conditions analysis?
surfaces of accessible routes (thresholds, level changes)
details of toilet room design (grab bars, faucets)
drinking fountain mounting
bathtub and shower design
details of stair design (treads, risers, handrails)
protruding objects
reach ranges
detectable warnings, if needed
locations and design of visual and audio alarms
public phone access and mounting height
amount of seating
Space Organization layouts
linear organization grid system axial organization central organization radial organization
Space circulation patterns
candidate must demonstrate ability to allocate space efficiently, use circulation to maintain adjacencies, and. provide the required arrangement and widths to satisfy barrier-free and building code egress requirements
- dumbbell layout (along straight path)
- doughnut configuration (making complete loop)
- radial layout (paths extending from main space)
Space Planning design considerations
Maintaining adjacencies
Public vs Private
Enclosed vs open
sustainability
Social and Cultural beliefs that often influence interior design
Political conditions Economical conditions Cultural attitudes Symbolism regionalism
Initial Budget of a project
in most cases, client has already set a budget
sometimes budgets are set through public funding or legislation
sometimes the client describes the extent of the work and asks the designer to anticipate the budget
What are some programming analysis tools?
Spreadsheets Site Photographs Matrices Bubble Diagrams Graphs Behavioral based analytics
Five steps of programming
establishing goals collecting and analyzing facts uncovering and testing concepts determining needs stating the problem
Establishing goals
goals indicate what the client wants to achieve and why
they establish the directions of programmatic concepts
Four major considerations during programming
form (existing conditions)
function (people using space, activities)
economy (money, budget)
time (past, present, future)
Human factors
involves the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces
Anthropometrics
measurement of the size, proportions, and range of motion of the human body
Ergonomics
the study of the relation between human physiology and the physical environment
Proxemics
interrelated observations and theories about how people use space as specialized elaboration of culture.
Deals with the issues of spacing between people, territoriality, organization of space, and positioning of people in space, all relative to their culture.
Maslows hierarchy of needs
physiological - food, water, minimal bodily comforts
safety - need for protection, avoidance of personal harm
belonging and love - membership in a group, acceptance and love
Seating arrangements
intimate - across corner or next to
formal - across from each other
avoidance - diagonal
round tables foster more cooperation
Four distances (proxemics)
Intimate - 0-18”
Personal - 18” - 4’
Social - 4’ - 12’
Public - 12’ +
Four methods of collecting information required to complete a program
Client interview
Questionnaires
Observation
Field Surveys
Gestalt Psychology
Grouping Closure Continuity Simplicity Figure Ground Negative Space
3 types of adjacency needs
people
products
information
Adjacency diagrams
matrix
bubble diagram
stacking diagram - shows locations of major spaces or depth when a project occupies more than one floor
block diagram - combines the bubble diagram and relative areas
What should the final programming include?
Statement of goals and objectives
List of client requirements
List of spaces and square footages
Flammability
the likelihood that a material will combust
for most materials, flammability is rated in terms of flame spread, smoke developed, and fuel contributed
What is the most common test for flame spread and smoke?
Steiner tunnel test, ASTM E84
Toxicity
Materials should be selected that emit few or no harmful gases
Slip resistance
ability of a flooring material to help prevent accidental slipping
commonly measured with COF (coefficient of friction)
Minimum clear width for an accessible route
36” continuously
32” at passage point no longer than 24”
Minimum passage width for two wheelchairs
60”
if width is not provided then a 60x60 area must be provided at intervals not to exceed 200’
Minimum opening width
32”
Minimum clearance between doors in a series
48”
walls no closer than 18” to door swing
T shaped space for 180 degree turns (wheelchair)
36” width on all three sides
door clearance: front approach, pull side
latch: 18”
hinge: 0”
clear: 60”
door clearance: front approach, push side
latch: 12”
hinge: 0”
clear: 48”
door clearance: hinge approach, pull side
latch: 36” - 42”
hinge: 0”
clear: 60” - 54”
door clearance: hinge approach, push side
latch: 0”
width: 54”
clear: 42” (48” if closer and latch)
door clearance: latch approach, pull side
latch: 24”
hinge: 0”
clear: 48” (54” if closer)
door clearance: latch approach, push side
latch: 24”
hinge: 0”
clear: 42” (48” if closer)
Which type of insurance protects an interior designer from charges of slander, libel, defamation of character, misrepresentation and other torts or civil wrongs that cause injury to another person?
personal injury protection insurance
What is a Tenant Work Letter?
an agreement between the landlord and tenant that details the initial tenant improvements (TI) to be built
What is monitoring?
Monitoring is keeping track of the progress of the job to see if the planned aspects of time, fee and quality are being accomplished. The original fee projections can be monitored by comparing weekly time sheets with the original estimate.
When two or more firms agree, on a temporary basis, to share in the responsibilities, losses, and profits of a particular project opportunity, they have elected to create what arrangement?
A Joint Venture company.
What are some aspects of a sole proprietorship?
difficult to raise capital and establish credit
owned by an individual and operates under either their name or a company name
one of the simplest types of businesses to set up
What is the intended purpose of an indemnification clause in a contract?
to hold harmless both the owner and interior designer for any damages, claims or losses resulting from the performance of any work on the project, whether by the contractor or others with whom the interior designer has no contractual relationship
