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MEDL 310 > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the endocrine system?

A

Endocrine organs

Components of other organs

Diffuse endocrine system

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2
Q

What controls the pituitary? What does it control?

A

Hypothalamus

Controls the activity of other glands

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3
Q

What are the parts of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior/adenohypophysis- secretes tropic and direct action hormones

Posterior/hypophysis/pars nervosa- stores vasopressin/ADH and oxytocin

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4
Q

How are secretory cells of the anterior pituitary gland categorized?

A

Colour of stain- chromophils vs chromophobes

Hormone content

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5
Q

What anterior pituitary cells are there and what do they contain?

A

Somatotrophs- GH

Mammotrophs- prolactin

Gonadotrophs- LH and FSH

Corticotrophs- ACTH, lipotropin, endorphins

Thyrotrophs- TSH

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6
Q

What is the function of the thyroid?

A

Produces hormones that regulate basal metabolic rate (T3 and T4)

Produces calcitonin- parafollicular C cells lower blood calcium

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7
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid?

A

Follicle

Single layer of cuboidal epithelium

Lumen filled with colloid- thyroglobulin, stores T3 and T4

Flat/cuboidal when inactive but become tall columnar when active

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8
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid?

A

Secretes PTH, raises serum calcium levels

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9
Q

What cells are in the parathyroid, what are their functions?

A

Chief cells- secrete PTH, acts on bones, kidneys and intestines

Oxyphil cells- inactive

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10
Q

What are the areas of the adrenal glands?

A

Outer cortex- corticosteroids

Inner medulla- secretes catecholamines

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11
Q

What are the zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa- outer layer of secretory cells, aldosterone

Zona fasciculata- long rows separated by capillaries, cortisol

Zona reticularis- inner layer of irregularly arranged cells, androgens and glucocorticoids

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12
Q

What are the secretory units of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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13
Q

What are the cells of the islets of Langerhans and what do they secrete?

A

Beta- insulin and amylin

Alpha- glucagon

Delta- somatostatin

PP/F cells- pancreatic polypeptide

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14
Q

Where is the diffuse neuroendocrine system located? What is its function?

A

GI and respiratory tracts

Regulate tract activity with the ANS

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15
Q

What chemicals can act as hormones?

A

Steroids

Peptides

Proteins

Amines

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MEDL 310 (10 decks)

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