Module 1 Flashcards
What types of cell junctions are there in epithelial tissue?
Anchoring- mechanical strength
Occluding- impermeable barrier
Communication
How are epithelial tissues classified?
Number of layers
Cell shape
Additional features
What is the function of simple epithelium?
Absorption
Secretion
Selective diffusion
What types of simple epithelium are there and where are they found?
Squamous- alveoli and capillaries
Cuboidal- collecting ducts of kidneys, salivary glands, pancreas
Columnar- small intestine mucosal lining, stomach, gall bladder
Columnar ciliates- oviduct
Psuedostratified columnar ciliated- large airways
What types of stratified epithelium are there and where are they found?
Squamous- oral cavity, pharynx, vagina
Squamous keratinizing- skin
Cuboidal- salivary glands, pancreas, sweat glands
Columnar- ocular conjunctiva
Transitional- urinary tract
What is the function of stratified epithelium?
Protection
What is the function of glandular epithelia?
Secretion
How do exocrine glands function?
Release products to the surface, using ducts
How are exocrine glands classified?
Duct arrangement- simple or compound
Shape of secretory units- tubular, acinar/alveolar, tubuloacinar
Secretion- serous, mucous, mixed
Discharge- merocrine/eccrine, apocrine, holocrine
How do endocrine glands function?
Ductless, secretes hormones directly into the circulatory system
What are the different types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal
Visceral
Cardiac
What types of contractile cells are there and where do they function?
Myoepithelial- glands
Pericytes- blood vessels
Myofibroblasts
What’s the function of connective tissue?
Structural and metabolic support
What is connective tissue made of?
Extra cellular matrix and specialized support cells
What types of specialized cells are found in cartilage?
Fibroblasts- secrete matrix
Chondrocytes- secrete matrix of cartilage
Osteocytes- secrete bone matrix
Myofibroblasts- contraction and secretion
Adipocytes- fat storage and cushioning
Mast cells/macrophages- immunity
What’s the extra cellular matrix made up of?
Fibers and ground substance
What types of connective fibres are there?
Collagenous- type I (collagen fibres) and III (reticulin fibres)
Elastic
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Energy reserve, insulation, padding/cushioning
What parts make up the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What make up the grey and white matter?
Grey- neutron cell bodies
White- tracts of nerve fibres
What are the characteristics of the cerebral cortex?
Grey matter- external
White matter- central core
What are the characteristics of the cerebellum?
White matter- pink staining core
Grey matter- blue staining covering
Grey layers- molecular (outer), purkinje cells, granular (inner)
What are the characteristics of the spinal cord?
Core of grey matter
Outer white matter of nerve fibre tracts
What are the parts of the PNS?
ANS- involuntary
SNS- voluntary
What are the only cell bodies in the PNS?
Those of primary sensory neurons and terminal effector neurons
What are the types of neurons?
Multipolar
Bipolar
Pseudo-unipolar
What is the cytoplasm of neurons called?
Perikaryon
What is Nissl substance?
Highly basophilic cytoplasmic material that functions as rough ER ( protein synthesis)
What are the different types of neuroglia and their functions?
Astrocytes- metabolic exchange
Oligodendrocytes- CNS myelination
Microglias- phagocytes, immunity
Edendymal cells- ciliated at luminal surface to propel CSF
What are the different types of tissues and their functions?
Epithelium- protection
Connective- support
Muscle- movement
Nervous- control
