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MEDL 310 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the adventitia called when it’s exposed to the abdominal cavity?

A

Serosa or visceral peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the lymphoid tissue distributed throughout the GI tract?

A

GALT

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the esophagus?

A

Thick, protective, stratified squamous epithelium

Lamina propria- lymphoid aggregations

Small mucous glands in submucosa

Skeletal muscle in top and middle

Deeply folded when relaxed

Adventitia is continuous with surrounding connective tissue

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4
Q

What type of mucosa does the esophageo-gastric junction transition to?

A

Highly glandular

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5
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Mechanical and chemical reduction of food to form chyme

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6
Q

What are rugae?

A

Prominent longitudinal folds

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7
Q

What are the regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia

Fundus

Corpus

Pylorus

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the mucosal zones?

A

Cardia- mucous secreting glands

Fundus and corpus- straight tubular glands in gastric pits/foveolae, secretion of gastric juice (HCl and pepsin) and some protective mucous

Pylorus- simple, branched, coiled tubular glands secreted mucous, endocrine glands secrete gastrin

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9
Q

What types of cells are present in gastric glands?

A

Mucous secreting- luminal surface, some in neck of glands

Parietal/oxyntic- HCl secretion along length of glands, intrinsic factor production (VitB12)

Peptic/chief- base of gland, cytoplasm contains pepsinogen (activated in lumen by gastric juices)

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10
Q

What is the name of the endocrine cells that secrete gastrin?

A

G-cells

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11
Q

What type of mucosa does the gastro-duodenal junction transition to?

A

Villous arrangement

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

A

Digestive product absorption

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13
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

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14
Q

What types of digestion occurs in the small intestine?

A

Luminal- mixing chyme and pancreatic enzymes

Membrane- enzymes within luminal plasma membranes of cells lining the intestine

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15
Q

What increases the surface area of the small intestine?

A

Length (4-6m)

Plicae circulares

Villi- crypts of Lieberkuhn

Microvilli

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16
Q

Where are the Peyer’s patches found?

A

Lamina propria

17
Q

What happens in the Peyer’s patches?

A

Sampled Ags are received and production of IgA is stimulated

18
Q

What are the characteristics of the villi?

A

Simple, columnar epithelium

Enterocytes- membrane digestion and absorption

Goblet cells- mucous secreting

Paneth cells in clusters at the base of the crypts, major source of lysozyme

19
Q

What are the secretory functions of the duodenum?

A

Chyme stimulates Brunner’s glands to secrete thin alkaline mucous- neutralizes chyme to protect mucosa, compound coiled branched tubular glands in submucosa

Chyme stimulates release of secretin and CCK from endocrine cells, stimulates pancreatic secretion and gall bladder secretion (CCK)

20
Q

What type of mucosa does the ileo-caecal junction transition to?

A

Glandular form

21
Q

What types of cells are found in the large intestine?

A

Absorptive- tall columnar cells, micro villi increases SA for water absorption

Goblet- basally located, mucous secreting

22
Q

What does the commensal bacteria in the large intestine do?

A

Further degrades food residues

23
Q

What is the rectum?

A

Longitudinal layer of muscularis that forms three bands (teniae coli)

24
Q

What is the appendix and its function?

A

Blind ending extension of the caecum

Masses of lymphoid tissue in the mucosal and submucosal layers

Secrete IgA

25
Q

What type of mucosa does the recto-anal junction transition to?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Skin with sebaceous and large apocrine sweat glands

26
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa- epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Submucosa

Muscularis/muscularis propria- inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Adventitia

MEDL 310 (10 decks)

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