MODULE #9 Flashcards
This means the degree to which changes in the dependent variable (effects) can be attributed to the independent variable (cause
Internal Validity
Threats to Internal Validity
a. Selection Bias
b. History
c. maturation
d. testing
e. instrumental change
f. mortality
This is the degree to which study results can be influenced or affected by external factors or populations and settings
External Validity
Threats to external validity
a. hawthorne effect
b. experimenter effect
c. reactive effect of the pre-test
d. halo effect
This exists when study results are attributed to the experimental treatment, when in fact results are due to differences among the subjects even before the treatment.
Selection bias
This occurs when some events besides the experimental treatment takes place during the course of the study and affects or influences the dependent variable.
History
This take place when changes within the subjects occur during the experimental study thus may influence study results
Maturation
Possible testing threat in studies in which a pre-test is a requisite. This refers to the influence of the pre-test. which already projects the result of the post-test scores
Testing
The existence of a difference between pre-test and post test results caused by change in the accuracy of the instrument of the ratings, rather than the results of the experimental treatment
Instrumentation change
This happens when a difference exists between the subject dropout rates of either the experimental group and the control group.
Mortality
effect occurs when study participants respond in a particular manner, or there is obvious change of behaviour because they are aware that they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Dealing with this problem is handled by having a control group that is subject to the same conditions as the treatment group, then administering a placebo to the control group.
Hawthorne effect
The study is termed a ___ when the subject does not know whether he or she is receiving the treatment or a placebo
blind experiment
the subjects, such as the researcher’s facial expression, gender and clothing among others.
Experimenter Effect
This occurs when the subjects have been sensitized to the treatment by taking the pre-test and thereafter influence the post-test results.
Reactive Effect of the Pre-Test