MODULE 13 Flashcards
______ is computed to determine the proportion of a part to a whole such as a given number of respondents in relation to the entire population.
Percentage (P)
____ is used to determine the order of decreasing or increasing magnitude of variables. The largest frequency is ranked 1, the second 2, and so on down to the last____
Ranking
______ refers to the overall average or responses/perceptions of the study respondents. It is the sum of the scores and its product
Weighted mean (WM)
describes the central tendency of the given criteria variables. All the numbers in a series added together and divided by the number of numbers in a series.
Arithmetic mean or average weighted mean (X)
means central position Arranges the ratings in an array from highest to lowest or vice-versa.
Median
is the score which has the most number of observations or responses. The most frequently occurring values in a series of numbers where more than one value equally shares the highest number of frequencies, and then the data are said to be multimodal
Mode
This is used to indicate the chance that researchers are wrong in rejecting the null hypothesis. It is also called the
level of probability or p level
the research prediction that is tested
Research Hypothesis
a statement of “no difference between the means of two populations
Null hypothesis
____ is made when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true.
type I error
A _____ is made when a researcher accepts the null hypothesis when it is false
type II error
Researchers generally look for levels of significance ______
equal to or less than .05
This is used when the researcher can assume that the population values are normaly distributed, variances are equal and data are interval or ratio in scale
Parametric Tests
It is the most common statistical procedure for determining the level of significance when two means are compared. It generates a number that is used to determine the p-level of rejecting the null hypothesis and assumes equal variability in both data sets
t-test
Similar to a t-test out used when there are more than two groups being compared,
Analysis of variance
____ and allows a researcher to examine differences is an extension of the t-test in all population means simultaneously ratter than conducting a series of t-tests. It uses variances (rather than means) of groups to calculate a value that reflects the degree of differences in the means
ANOVA
is a one-way (i e one independent variable) ANOVA that is comparing four group means
1×4 ANOVA
“_____” indicates that there are 3 groups being compared on 2 variables
2x3 ANOVA
This is used when there are two or more independent variables being analyzed simultaneously
Factorial Analysis of Variance
____ tests are used to uncover specific differences between three or more group means when an analysis of variance is significant
Post hoc
_____ is used when the researcher needs to adjust initial group differences statistically on one or more variables that are related to the independent variable but uncontrolled, and to increase the likelihood of finding a significant difference between two group means.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
This is used to investigate problems in which the researcher is interested in studying more than one dependent variable
Multivariate analysis
A _________ (sometimes called a distribution free test) is used when a researcher does not assume anything about the underlying distribution
nonparametric tests
Nonparametric procedure used when data are in nominal form. It is a way of answering questions about relationship based on frequencies of observations in categories
Chi square
_____ a non-parametric test used It is
to measure the and the value r = -1
strength of association between two variables, where the value r = 1 means perfect negative correlation
Spearman rho
