MODULE #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Methods of collecting data
The following are the ways to collect data

A
  1. Use of already existing or available detail
  2. Use of observers’ data
  3. The use of self recording or the reporting approach
  4. Use of Delphi Technique
  5. Critical incident technique
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2
Q

Form basic documents such as records of patients’ admissions, birth dates, and discharges among others.

A

Raw data

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3
Q

Indicating number of patients admitted or discharged by year or month or total number of deliveries, surgeries or the workload of nurses.

A

Tubular data

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4
Q

These are gathered through actual observation and recording of events. For ethical reasons the subject must be informed that they are being observed.

A

Observers data

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5
Q

Types of observers

A

Non-participant observer
Participant observer

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6
Q

This observer does not share the same milieu with the subjects and is not a member of the group or subjects of the study. Data from this source have the advantage of high level precision because subjective judgment is minimal.

A

Non-participant observer

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7
Q

The observer identifies herself and her task of conducting research and informing the subjects of the types of data to be collected

A

Overt Non-participant observer

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8
Q

The observer
does not identify herself to the subjects she will observe. This may not be ethical since the latter have the right to be informed of activities being involved in the process of research investigation.

A

Covert Non-participant Observer

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9
Q

The observer shares the same millieu and is better acquainted with the subjects. Observer may be a member of the group assigned to collect data while taking part in the activity of the subjects.

A

Participant observer

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10
Q

The observer is involved with the subject and has full knowledge and awareness of the subjects to be observed

A

Overt participant observer

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11
Q

The observer interacts with the subjects and observes their behavior without their knowledge. This may be construed by the subjects as spying who might find out the real purpose of the observer’s activity. This may have ethical implications similar to those of the convert non participant observer.

A

covert participant observer

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12
Q

Two methods of observations

A

structured observations
unstructured observation

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13
Q

These are done when the researcher has prior knowledge of the phenomenon of interest. The behavior checklist may help indicate the frequency of the subjects observe behavior

A

structured observations

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14
Q

The researcher attempts to describe the events or behavior with no preconceived ideas of what will be seen or observed. This requires a high degree of attention and concentration on the part of the researche.

A

unstructured observation

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15
Q

Uses as a specially prepared document intended to collect data.
Called instruments

A

Self recording and reporting method of data collection.

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16
Q

Self-recording and reporting method of data collection uses a specially prepared document intended to collect data called

A

instruments

17
Q

This technique uses a series of questionnaires to gather a consensus of options and information from a group of Experts

A

Delphi technique

18
Q

The following are types of delphi technique according to benner & ketefian (2008)

A

Classic
Modified
Policy
Real time
E-delphi

19
Q

Questions are presented to a panel of inform individuals in a scientific field asking their opinions on a particular issue or problem

A

Classic Delphi

20
Q

Uses interview or focus groups to gather their opinions on certain issues or trends

A

Modified

21
Q

Used mostly and organizations to examine and explore policy issues. A committee could be used to formulate the argued policy

A

Policy

22
Q

Uses a structured time, avoiding delay caused by pen and paper type, Hence a face to face analysis is done by the researcher

A

Real time

23
Q

This technique employs a set of principles for collecting data on observable human activities.

A

Critical incident technique

24
Q

Is the process of transforming data into numerical symbols that can be easily entered into the computer.

A

Coding