MODULE 11

Question 1

are concerned with the quality of data reflecting the “true state of human experience. The truth value of the study is necessary to influence acceptance of authorities in the field of qualitative research.

Answer 1

Qualitative researchers

Question 2

Lincoln and Guba (1985) suggested five (5) criteria to establish trustworthiness of qualitative data such as

Answer 2

credibility dependability, confirmability, transferability and authenticity.

Question 3

refers to confidence in the truthfulness of data and their interpretations.

Answer 3

Credibility

Question 4

The ways to demonstrate credibility are

Answer 4

Prolonged Engagement
Persistent Observations
Triangulation
Peer debriefing and member cheeks
Search for disconfirming evidence
Comprehensive and vivid recording of information
Dependability
Confirmability

Question 5

The researcher is immersed in the group and spends time to collect in-depth data by engaging their views with the group and understanding their feelings, ideas and opinions in a longer period of time.

Answer 5

Prolonged engagement

Question 6

The researcher focuses on all the aspects of the situation that are relevant to the phenomenon being studied until even up to the point of saturation

Answer 6

Persistent Observations

Question 7

Credibility is enhanced through the use of multiple references to draw conclusions about what constitute truth of the study ______ aims to prevent the intrinsic bias that comes from the single method, single observer and single theory studies (Denzin, 1989) ____ helps capture a more complete and contextualized

Answer 7

Triangulation

Question 8

A time to meet and confer with peers to objectively review and explore various aspects of the phenomenon.

Answer 8

Peer Debriefing and Member Checks

Question 9

This involves search for data that could challenge an emerging concept or descriptive theory. This occurs with purposive sampling and facilitated by prolonged engagement and debriefing. The sampling of individuals who can give conflicting viewpoints can stregthen the qualitative description of a phenomenon

Answer 9

Search for Disconfirming Evidence

Question 10

This involves field notes with rich descriptions of what transpired in the field, descriptions of participants’ demeanor and behavior during interactions and description of interview context

Answer 10

Comprehensive and Vivid Recording of Information

Question 11

is concerned with the stability of qualitative data for a long period of time and are conditioned by a stepwise replication or an approach using split-half technique with several researchers divided into two teams.
The researcher conduct inquiries separate and then compare their data and conclusions

Answer 11

Dependability (Analogous to reliability)

Question 12

is also necessary to ensure dependability of data, which involve scrutiny of data and supporting documents by an external reviewer

Answer 12

Inquiry audit

Question 13

refers to the objectivity and neutrality of data to show congruence between two or more independent variables to determine accuracy, relevance and meaning of data. To confirm the data, findings must reflect the participants’ opinions, feelings and attitude regarding the inquiry and not the opinions, blases or perspective of the researcher

Answer 13

Confirmability

Question 14

data refers to research findings which can be transferred oc applied to other settings. This is similar

to the concept of generalizability of data in which the researcher provides a thorough and sufficient descriptive data

of the research setting, transactions and processes observed during the inquiry. These are all written in the research

report so that consumers can evaluate the applicability of the data to the research setting, transactions and processes observed during the inquiry.

Answer 14

Transferability (Analogous to generalizability/External Validity)

Question 15

a rich thorough, and vivid description of the research context, the study participants, and the experiences and processes observed during the inquiry

Answer 15

Thick Description

Question 16

another criteria to establish trustworthiness of qualitative studies. This refers to the extent to which the researcher describes truthfully and accurately varied existence of different realities. ___ demonstrates in-depth feelings and emotions of participants lives as they are lived. This enables the readers to develop a heightened sensitivity and understanding of issues being portrayed with sense of mood, feeling of experience, language and context of those lives (Polit & Beck, 2008)

Answer 16

Authenticity