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DC Psychology > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

the scientific study of changes and continuities in human psychology over time

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2
Q

Lifespan perspective

A

the predominant perspective in developmental psychology. It emphasizes the importance of studying human development throughout life, rather than focusing exclusively on infancy and childhood

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3
Q

4 Assumptions

A

1.Development is a lifelong process. It begins at conception and continues until death.
2.Development involves constant loss as well as gain. Development involves both decline and growth. Individuals may gain in wisdom as they age, but may also experience reduced memory functioning.
3.Development is determined by a multiplicity of causes. Development is rooted in the interaction of genes and other biological factors, environments, cultures, lifespan periods, and historical contexts.
4.Development is characterized by plasticity through the life span. Although each period of the life span can be characterized by a typical set of abilities and concerns, the course of development can be altered as a result of experience and personal decisions through the life span.

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4
Q

Critical periods

A

stages in development where the brain is particularly sensitive to specific types of events or stimulation.

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5
Q

plasticity

A

the brain can be modified by experience

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6
Q

synaptic pruning

A

Synapses go through a process of synaptic pruning which involves the reduction in the number of seldom-used neurons to all those that are being used frequently to be maintained efficiently.

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7
Q

congenital malformations

A

physical defects of abnormalities present at birth (often called birth defects)

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8
Q

teratogens

A

Harmful bacteria, viruses, and substances such as drugs or alcohol can be transferred to the developing fetus. These harmful agents are called teratogens

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9
Q

3 types of development

A

Physical development, Cognitive development and Psychosocial development

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10
Q

Normative development

A

general ages in which babies have developmental milestones.

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11
Q

Language

A

Language is the human systems of communication and personal expression which have been built upon symbols and representation.

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12
Q

Lexicon

A

words of a given language. vocabulary

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13
Q

Grammar

A

set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of lexicon

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14
Q

Who developed Constructivism

A

Jean Piaget

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15
Q

Schemas

A

(Assimilation and accommodation) concepts or categories about the world

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16
Q

Assimilation

A

describes a way that a child fits into a new experience into a prexisiting schema

17
Q

Accommodation

A

Process where a person alters their schema to incorporate new information or experiences

18
Q

who developed zone of proximal development and scaffolding

A

Lev Vygotsky

19
Q

What is zone of proximal development

A

The area of knowledge just before a child’s abilities

20
Q

What is scaffolding

A

the kind of support adults and teachers present

21
Q

Who developed the Cognitive development theory of moral reasoning

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

22
Q

What is morality

A

Personal or social beliefs about what is right or wrong

23
Q

Pre-conventional morality

A

(young children) Right and wrong are thought in terms of their immediate effects of pleasure versupain.

24
Q

Conventional morality

A

(middle school children) Moral decisions are made in terms of laws or general rules about what is right and what is wrong

25
Q

Post-conventional morality

A

(adolescents and adults) Decisions about right and wrong are based on the notion of moral reality

26
Q

Who developed Psychosocial stages

A

Erik Erikson

27
Q

Who developed the Attachment theory

A

Bowlby and Ainsworth

28
Q

What is attachment

A

The unique, intimate bond that develops between infant and caregivers.

29
Q

Secure attachment

A

refers to the ability to form secure, loving relationships with others

30
Q

Anxious attachment

A

A form of insecure attachment style marked by a deep fear of abandonment

31
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

A form of insecure attachment marked by a fear of intimacy

32
Q

Fearful-Avoidant attachment

A

A combination of both the anxious and avoidant attachment styles. People with this can crave affection desperatly yet still want to avoid it at all costs

33
Q

Who developed the 5 systems of child development

A

Bronfenbrenner

34
Q

Microsystem

A

Setting in which an individual lives

35
Q

Mesosystem

A

Relations between microsystems, connections between contexts, school to church, etc

36
Q

Exosystem

A

experience in a social setting in which an individual does not have an active role but stills influences experience in an immediate context

37
Q

Macrosystem

A

Attitudes and ideologies of the culture in which an individual lives in

38
Q

Chronosystem

A

The patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course.

39
Q

Who’s idea are the 3 social influences

A

Baltes

DC Psychology (11 decks)

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