Module 1 Flashcards
Define psychology
The scientific study of mind and behavior
pioneers of structuralism
William Wundt and Edward Titchener
Pioneers of functionalism
William James
pioneers of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
pioneers of behaviorism
John Watson and B.F Skinner
Pioneers of Humanism
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Pioneers of Gestalt
Max Wertheimer
Biobehavioral
key to understand behavior lies in brain and body
Cognitive
Says mind is a very complex information device.
Evolutionary
Brain and mind evolved over time to solve problems
Positive psychology
Study human strengths and positive attributes
Psychodynamic perspective
Says we are affected by unconcious conflicts we are not aware of
Sociocultural
Emphasizes society and cultural role in shaping psychology
Goals of psychology
1.Describe, 2. Classify, 3.Explain, 4.Predict, 5.Change
Hypothesis
testable prediction
Theory
Set of connected ideas to explain facts
quantitative research
Analyze data statistically
Qualitative research
Detailed information on a small sample
Descriptive research
Answer who, what, when, and where.
correlational research
Measure 2 or more variable as the exist in a sample of individuals.
experimental research
Manipulate one or more variables and measure the effects.
Case study
Detailed (qualitative) information on individual
Survey
Self-report data
Naturalistic observation
observes “real life” habits in a natural setting
positive correlation
increase or decrease together
negative correlation
variables do opposite things
What is the third variable problem?
A variable the researcher has not considered that is responsible for observed effects.
Independent variable
variable being manipulated
Dependent variable
Variable that is measured to see if IV has an affect on.
population
Entire group
sample
small group to represent the population
control group
Comparison group
experimental group
receive the levels of IV
confounding variables
any variable the causes measurable affect on the DV without knowing
descriptive stats
Provide descriptions of a set of data
inferential stats
determine the probability that research results reflect actual relationships among variables.
Ethics
set of orderly rules for correct behavior
Rules of scholarship
honest reporting on research and no plagiarism.
treatment of research participants - consent
people should understand risks and benefits.
treatment of research participants. - debriefing
purpose of study is known to participants.
