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HLTH 342 > Module 8: Contraception > Flashcards

Module 8: Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of all pregnancies are unplanned in the US

A

45%

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2
Q

what percent of unplanned pregnancies in the US occur to women in their 20’s

A

55%

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3
Q

why do most unplanned pregnancies occur to women in their 20’s

A
  • time of risky sexual behaviors
  • peak fertility
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4
Q

how many teenagers become pregnant each year in the US

A

750,000

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5
Q

what country has the highest teen pregnancy rate among developed countries

A

US

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6
Q

what are the top 5 states in terms of teen pregnancy rates

A
  • texas
  • alabama
  • oklahoma
  • mississippi
  • louisiana
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7
Q

define fertility

A

a person’s ability to reproduce

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8
Q

when do women become fertile

A
  • when they have a functioning menstrual cycle
  • can produce a viable egg and healthy endometrium
  • after menarche
  • age 12-13
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9
Q

when do men become fertile

A
  • when they can produce and carry sperm to ejaculation
  • after semenarche
  • age 12-13
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10
Q

define conception

A

the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm

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11
Q

where does conception take place

A

fallopian tube

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12
Q

define contraception

A
  • birth control
  • methods of preventing pregnancy
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13
Q

when does pregnancy officially start

A

when the embryo implants into the uterine wall

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14
Q

what conditions are necessary for conception

A
  • a viable egg
  • a viable sperm
  • access to the egg by the sperm
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15
Q

how long are eggs viable after ovulation

A

24 hours

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16
Q

how many viable eggs are produced each month

A

1

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17
Q

how long are sperm viable in a woman’s body

A

5 days

18
Q

how many sperm are released per ejaculation

A

300 million

19
Q

list methods of contraception

A
  • barrier methods
  • hormonal methods
  • surgical methods
  • emergency contraception
  • behavioral methods
20
Q

define barrier methods

A
  • block the egg and sperm form joining
  • physical (condoms) and chemical (spermicides)
21
Q

define hormonal methods

A

introduce synthetic hormones into the women’s system

22
Q

what are the 3 ways that hormonal birth control works

A
  • prevents ovulation
  • thickens cervical mucus
  • thins the endometrial lining to prevent implantation
23
Q

define surgical methods

A

prevent pregnancy permanently

24
Q

define emergency contraception

A
  • large dose of hormones that is used after not using or failed birth control
  • does not harm or terminate existing pregnancy
25
Q

list types of barrier methods

A
  • male/external condom
  • female/internal condom
  • spermicides (jellies, creams, foams, suppositories, films)
  • diaphragm
26
Q

what is the cost of a male/external condom

A

50 cents

27
Q

define male/external condom

A

thin sheath to cover erect penis and catch semen before it enters the vagina

28
Q

what are the different materials used to make male/external condoms

A
  • latex
  • polyurethane
  • lambskin
29
Q

what is the most common male/external condom material

A

latex

30
Q

what is one major difference between latex condoms and polyurethane condoms

A

polyurethane condoms are thicker than latex condoms

31
Q

what are lambskin condoms made from

A

cat intestines

32
Q

which types of male/external condoms protect against STIs

A
  • latex
  • polyurethane
33
Q

which type of male/external condom does NOT protect against STIs

A

lambskin

34
Q

why do lambskin condoms not protect against STIs

A

larger pores in the material than latex or polyurethane condoms which can let viruses in

35
Q

what type of lubricant should always be used with a condom

A

water-based

36
Q

what can disintegrate the latex in a condom and make it ineffective

A
  • oil-based lubricants
  • heat
37
Q

what is the average erect penis length in the US

A

5.5 inches

38
Q

what length of erect penis are magnum condoms made for

A

8+ inches

39
Q

list the steps to putting on and taking off a male/external condom

A
  • check expiration date
  • check for air bubble to ensure it is securely packaged
  • open: push condom to one side and tear open package on the other side
  • determine direction: place condom on the tip of a finger and make sure it rolls down easily
  • place condom on penis, pinch the reservoir/tip, roll condom down the shaft of the penis
  • take off after penis becomes flaccid
  • tie the base on the condom and throw it away
40
Q
A

HLTH 342 (9 decks)

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