Module 8: Contraception Flashcards
what percent of all pregnancies are unplanned in the US
45%
what percent of unplanned pregnancies in the US occur to women in their 20’s
55%
why do most unplanned pregnancies occur to women in their 20’s
- time of risky sexual behaviors
- peak fertility
how many teenagers become pregnant each year in the US
750,000
what country has the highest teen pregnancy rate among developed countries
US
what are the top 5 states in terms of teen pregnancy rates
- texas
- alabama
- oklahoma
- mississippi
- louisiana
define fertility
a person’s ability to reproduce
when do women become fertile
- when they have a functioning menstrual cycle
- can produce a viable egg and healthy endometrium
- after menarche
- age 12-13
when do men become fertile
- when they can produce and carry sperm to ejaculation
- after semenarche
- age 12-13
define conception
the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm
where does conception take place
fallopian tube
define contraception
- birth control
- methods of preventing pregnancy
when does pregnancy officially start
when the embryo implants into the uterine wall
what conditions are necessary for conception
- a viable egg
- a viable sperm
- access to the egg by the sperm
how long are eggs viable after ovulation
24 hours
how many viable eggs are produced each month
1
how long are sperm viable in a woman’s body
5 days
how many sperm are released per ejaculation
300 million
list methods of contraception
- barrier methods
- hormonal methods
- surgical methods
- emergency contraception
- behavioral methods
define barrier methods
- block the egg and sperm form joining
- physical (condoms) and chemical (spermicides)
define hormonal methods
introduce synthetic hormones into the women’s system
what are the 3 ways that hormonal birth control works
- prevents ovulation
- thickens cervical mucus
- thins the endometrial lining to prevent implantation
define surgical methods
prevent pregnancy permanently
define emergency contraception
- large dose of hormones that is used after not using or failed birth control
- does not harm or terminate existing pregnancy
list types of barrier methods
- male/external condom
- female/internal condom
- spermicides (jellies, creams, foams, suppositories, films)
- diaphragm
what is the cost of a male/external condom
50 cents
define male/external condom
thin sheath to cover erect penis and catch semen before it enters the vagina
what are the different materials used to make male/external condoms
- latex
- polyurethane
- lambskin
what is the most common male/external condom material
latex
what is one major difference between latex condoms and polyurethane condoms
polyurethane condoms are thicker than latex condoms
what are lambskin condoms made from
cat intestines
which types of male/external condoms protect against STIs
- latex
- polyurethane
which type of male/external condom does NOT protect against STIs
lambskin
why do lambskin condoms not protect against STIs
larger pores in the material than latex or polyurethane condoms which can let viruses in
what type of lubricant should always be used with a condom
water-based
what can disintegrate the latex in a condom and make it ineffective
- oil-based lubricants
- heat
what is the average erect penis length in the US
5.5 inches
what length of erect penis are magnum condoms made for
8+ inches
list the steps to putting on and taking off a male/external condom
- check expiration date
- check for air bubble to ensure it is securely packaged
- open: push condom to one side and tear open package on the other side
- determine direction: place condom on the tip of a finger and make sure it rolls down easily
- place condom on penis, pinch the reservoir/tip, roll condom down the shaft of the penis
- take off after penis becomes flaccid
- tie the base on the condom and throw it away
