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HLTH 342 > Module 2: Sex Research and Theory > Flashcards

Module 2: Sex Research and Theory Flashcards

1
Q

define scientific research

A
  • approach used by researchers to acquire to knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest
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2
Q

why are people who study human sexuality sometimes subjected to ridicule or sarcasm

A

human sexuality is a topic that many consider to be taboo

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3
Q

what dimensions of health does human sexuality include

A
  • all dimensions of health
  • physical, social, emotional, intellectual, etc.
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4
Q

are people generally honest in human sexuality surveys

A

people are generally honest if the survey is confidential

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5
Q

list two professional organizations that study human sexuality

A
  • the society for the scientific study of sexuality
  • the kinsey institute for sex research
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6
Q

what university is the kinsey institute for sex research apart of

A

indiana university

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7
Q

what are the three theories of sexuality

A
  • biological
  • psychological
  • sociological
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8
Q

define biological theories of sexuality

A
  • focused on the physical aspects of sexuality
  • includes both physiological and evolutionary theories
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9
Q

describe the physiological theory of sexuality

A
  • biological
  • explains how physiological processes affect and are affected by sexual behavior
  • physical effects of attraction/orgasm, sexual response
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10
Q

describe the evolutionary theory of sexuality

A
  • biological
  • explains human sexual behavior on the basis of human evolution
  • Darwinism: selecting mates with the best characteristics to pass down
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11
Q

describe the features that women are attracted to in a man based on the evolutionary theory of sexuality

A
  • attributes that show that a partner can provide and protect
  • height, muscles
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12
Q

describe the features that men are attracted to in a woman based on the evolutionary theory of sexuality

A
  • attributes that show a partner can take care of a home and have children
  • breasts, broad hips
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13
Q

define psychological theories of sexuality

A
  • account for the influence of personality, learning, thoughts, and emotions on human sexuality
  • includes psychoanalytic theory and classical conditioning
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14
Q

describe the psychoanalytic theory of sexuality

A
  • psychological
  • emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in our lives
  • id, ego, superego
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15
Q

describe the terms id, ego, and superego

A
  • id: pleasure seeking and basic needs (food, water, shelter, sex)
  • ego: conscious thought, keeps id in check, holds personal values
  • superego: conscience, supplies guilt when the id wins over the ego
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16
Q

who developed the ideas of the id, ego, and superego

A

Sigmund Freud

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17
Q

what human drive did Sigmund Freud think was most important

A

libido

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18
Q

describe classical conditioning

A
  • a process where a stimulus and a response that are not originally linked become connected
  • Pavlov’s dogs
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19
Q

what can be used to understand fetishes

A

classical conditioning

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20
Q

define operant conidtioning

A

rewarding someone for performing a good behavior

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21
Q

define sociological theories of sexuality

A
  • explain how society and social groups affect and are affected by sexual attitudes and behaviors
  • includes symbolic interaction theory
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22
Q

describe the symbolic interaction theory of sexuality

A
  • sociological
  • explains how meanings, labels, and definitions that are learned through interactions affect our attitudes, self-concept, and behavior
  • creating social scripts
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23
Q

give examples of societal expectations

A
  • how women/men should behave (social scripts)
  • beauty standards
  • trends
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24
Q

do all societies have the same societal expectations

A
  • no
  • different cultures have different beliefs
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25
Q

define social scripts

A

how we should/are expected to act around others based on societal expectations

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26
Q

what are the general social scripts for men and women

A
  • men: aggressive/assertive, less emotional
  • women: emotional, passive
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27
Q

list the steps of conducting sex research

A
  • identify a question or concern about a particular human or social issue (topic of interest)
  • review the literature and discover what other researchers have already learned about that issue
  • formulate a hypothesis and operationalize definitions
  • collect data
  • draw conclusions based on results
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28
Q

define hypothesis

A

a prediction stated in a way that allows it to be tested

29
Q

describe operationalizing definitions

A
  • explaining exactly what you mean with each term used in research
  • keeps everyone (researchers and participants) on the same page
  • limits data being skewed by different interpretations of terms
30
Q

list research methods

A
  • survey research
  • field research
  • case study research
  • archival research
31
Q

describe survey research

A
  • sample of people asked a series of questions about their behaviors, thoughts, and attitudes
  • can be face-to-face, by phone, by mail, using questionnaires, or on the internet
  • the sample should be representative of a larger population
32
Q

describe field research

A
  • observation of naturally occurring behavior in settings in which they normally occur
  • participant observation or non-participant observation
33
Q

describe participant observation in field research

A

the researcher participates in the phenomenon being studied

34
Q

describe non-participant observation in field research

A

the researcher observes but does not participate in what is being studied

35
Q

describe case study research

A

an in-depth, detailed analysis of an individual, small group, relationship, or event

36
Q

describe archival research

A
  • investigating the issue through the study of historical documents
  • longitudinal: through time
  • tracking trends
37
Q

are there ethical limitations to sex research

A

yes

38
Q

list the ethical considerations when performing sex research

A
  • do no harm (physical and psychological)
  • ensure informed consent
  • ensure confidentiality
  • ensure anonymity
  • voluntary participation
39
Q

define informed consent

A

knowing exactly what you are getting into

40
Q

define confidentiality

A

not sharing information with others

41
Q

define anonymity

A

not asking for identifying info such as name, UIN, or phone number

42
Q

define voluntary participation

A
  • participants decide if they want to participate in the study or not based on informed consent
  • no coercion
43
Q

describe the Tuskegee syphilis study

A
  • study conducted by the US government on the progression of syphilis
  • studied the black population because they had little education on the matter
  • participants were told they had bad blood so many assumed they were being studied for sickle cell anemia; no informed consent
  • participants were barred from receiving treatment even though it was available
  • the study ran until 1972
44
Q

describe the creation of gynecological exams

A
  • OBGYN named J. Marion Simms was the father of gynecological exams in the mid 1800s
  • he practiced exams on enslaved women; no voluntary participation
45
Q

define closed-ended questions

A

those which can be answered by a simple one-word/numerical response

46
Q

define open-ended questions

A

those which require more though and more than a simple one-word answer

47
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: what is your sex?

A

closed

48
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: how has your religion impacted your views of sex?

A

open

49
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: how many sexual partners have you had?

A

closed

50
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: what is your sexual orientation?

A

closed

51
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: what are your views on using contraceptives when sexually active?

A

open

52
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: do you use condoms?

A

closed

53
Q

is this a closed or open ended question: how would you define “safe sex”?

A

open

54
Q

what happens if your survey has too many questions (over 12)

A

people stop filling it out

55
Q

define double-barreled questions

A
  • questions that contain two questions in one
  • the answers to each question may be different
56
Q

give an example of a double-barreled question and correct it

A
  • double-barreled: I can talk to my friends and family about sexual health
  • corrected: I can talk to my friends about sexual health OR I can talk to my family about sexual health
57
Q

define biased or leading questions

A
  • the researcher inputs their own bias into the questions
  • the question is looking for a specific answer
58
Q

give an example of a biased/leading question and correct it

A
  • biased/leading question: relationships are hard. does talking with your partner make your relationship more likely to succeed?
  • corrected: talking opening with my partner makes my relationship more likely to succeed
59
Q

define a credible source

A
  • free from bias
  • backed up with evidence
  • written by trustworthy author or organization
60
Q

what acronym can by used to identify credible sources

A

CRAAP

61
Q

what does CRAAP stand for

A
  • currency
  • relevance
  • authority
  • accuracy
  • purpose
62
Q

define this part of CRAAP: currency

A
  • is the source up to date
  • electronic sources: written in the last 3 years
63
Q

where can you usually find the date an online article was written

A

at the bottom of the web page

64
Q

define this part of CRAAP: relevance

A
  • is the source relevant to your research
  • does it give the information you need for your research
65
Q

define this part of CRAAP: authority

A
  • where is the source published
  • who is the author and are they considered reputable and trustworthy in their field
66
Q

which type of websites generally fulfill the authority requirement of CRAAP

A
  • .edu
  • .gov
  • .org
67
Q

define this part of CRAAP: accuracy

A
  • is the source supported by evidence
  • are the claims cited correctly
68
Q

define this part of CRAAP: purpose

A
  • what was the motive behind publishing this source
  • disseminate information to increase knowledge (good) or further political agenda/get you click on a site for money (bad)

HLTH 342 (4 decks)

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