Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMA - Exam Semester 2 > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

lymph

A

A white milky protein containing excess IF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A
  • permeable

- endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

carry lymph from peripheral tissues to lymphatic ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • located along vessels

- contain WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cytokines

A

communication molecules

- produced and secreted by WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

White Blood Cells

A
  • neutrophils
  • macrophages
  • NK cells
  • protects body from foreign materials list the 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list the 2 immune defences

A
  1. innate

2. adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Innate Defences

A
  • born with

- 2 lines of defence - surface barriers + internal defences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adaptive Defences

A
  • acquired throughout life after contact with bacteria

- 3rd line of defence - immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Innate Defences - Surface barriers

A 
Physical 
- skin 
- hairs 
- cilia 
- normal flora 
Chemical 
- sweat, saliva, tears 
- sebum 
- mucus 
- gastric juice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Innate Defences - Internal Defences

A
  • macrophages + neutrophils
  • NK cells
  • Interferons
  • Complement
  • Fever
  • Inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Macrophages + neutrophils

A
  • migrate
  • adhere to foreign materials
  • engulf
  • internalise
  • destroy via enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NK Cells

A

destroy virus infected + cancer cells

  • recognise, adhere + destroy
  • perforins = create pores
  • granzymes = induce apoptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interferons

A

specific cytokines

  • inhibit viral replication
  • activate macrophages + NK cells to destroy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Complement

A

Large Group of Proteins

  • recruit macrophages + neutrophil
  • opsonisation = sticky + tasty
  • directly destroy via membrane attack complex
  • enhances inflammatory response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammation

A
  • localises + contains
  • disposes of foreign materials
  • repairs damaged tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fever

A
  • pyrogens = > temperature
  • inhibits growth of bacteria
  • > cell metabolism = acceleration of immune defences
18
Q

list the adaptive defences

A
  • antigens
  • immunocompetence
  • immunological memory
19
Q

Antigens

A

activate the body’s adaptive defences

activate:
- T cells
- B cells
- Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

20
Q

APC cells

A

are macrophages that phagocytose + present fragments to T cells

21
Q

Role of T cells and B cells

A

activate immune response

22
Q

immunocompetence

A

enables T & B Cells to recognise a specific antigen via unique surface receptors

23
Q

Self Tolerance

A

recognises self from non self antigens

24
Q

where do B cells mature

A

bone marrow

25
Q

where do T cells mature

A

thymus

26
Q

memory cells

A
  • remember antigen
  • inactive until antigen re appears
  • launches faster + stronger counter attack = secondary immune response
27
Q

list the 4 defence mechanisms involved in a cellular immune response

A
  1. neutralisation
  2. agglutination
  3. precipitation
  4. Complement fixation + activation
28
Q

neutralisation

A

binding of antibodies to antigens to prevent cellular attachment

29
Q

agglutination

A

form large antigen-antibody complex by binding multiple cellular antigens

30
Q

precipitation

A

large antigen - antibody complex by binding multiple soluble antigens

31
Q

Complement fixation + activation

A

antibodies bound to cellular antigen to fix and activate complement proteins.

To create holes and enhance phagocytosis via opsinisation

32
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

no T helper cells = no immune response

33
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

the bodys immune defences targets the bodys own cells and tissues
(self reactive B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete self reactive antibodies)

34
Q

hypersensitivities

A

the bodys immune defences respond to a harmless antigen perceived as a threat

35
Q

Anaphylactic Shock

A

systemic response to an antigen

  • mast cells + basophils release histamine
  • treatment: adrenalin = broncho dilation + vasoconstriction = > BP
36
Q

what are hypersensitivities mediated by

A

IgE = histamine

37
Q

Primary Immune Response

A
  • first antigen encounter

- does not protect from illness

38
Q

Antibodies involved in primary immune response

A

IgG

IgM

39
Q

Secondary Immune response

A
  • activate memory T + B cells
  • subsequent antigen encounter
  • produces large amounts of IgG
40
Q

Cellular Immune Response (first part before division into humoral or cellular)

A
  • Antigen
  • APC cells engulf + present antigen
  • Antigen specific Helper T cells

proliferate

  • memory cells + active cells
  • actie cells secrete cytokines
  • cytokines produce either: innate defence, or help active humoral or cellular immune response
41
Q

Cellular Immune Response

A
  • Antigen Specific Cytotoxic Cells

proliferate

  • memory cells and active cells
  • active cells release Perforins + Granzymes
  • induces target cell apoptosis
42
Q

Cellular Immune response - Humoral immune response

A
  • Antigen Specific B cells

proliferate + differentiate

  • memory cells and plasma cells

plasma cells secrete

  • antigen specific antibodies
  • defence mechanisms tag

BMA - Exam Semester 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions