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BMA - Exam Semester 2 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

blood flow

A

the volume of blood flowing through: vessel, or organ circuit

BF = P/R

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2
Q

blood pressure

A

force exerted on a vessel wall by blood in its own vessel

moves from an area of high to low pressure

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3
Q

systemic blood pressure

A
  • highest in aorta

- steepest drop in arterioles

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4
Q

arterial blood pressure

A

volume of blood forced into elastic arteries by ventricular contraction

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5
Q

systolic pressure

A

peak pressure generated in large arteries when ventricles contract

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6
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure in large arteries when ventricles relax

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7
Q

pulse pressure

A

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

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8
Q

what is the goal of the circulatory system

A

to maintain blood flow

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9
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

MAP = COXR

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10
Q

resistance

A

measure of friction

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11
Q

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

A
  • blood viscosity
  • blood vessel length
  • blood vessel diametre
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12
Q

viscosity

A

thickness of fluid

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13
Q

blood vessel length

A

resistance to flow > as length >

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14
Q

blood vessel diametre

A

greater contact = > friction => resistance

> diametre = contact = < friction = < resistance

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15
Q

vasoconstriction

A

< diametre

which > resistance = < BF

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16
Q

vasodilation

A

> diametre

which < resistance = > BF

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17
Q

list 3 ways blood vessel diametre is altered

A
  • protrusions
  • vasoconstriction
  • vasodilation
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18
Q

Capillary Blood pressure

A

35 mmhg at arterial end
15 mmhg at venous end

  • low pressure due to thin walls and permeability
19
Q

last the 5 structures of venous return

A
  1. valves
  2. muscular pump (pushes blood towards heart)
  3. respiratory pump (pressure change in breathing moves blood to heart)
  4. pulsation (in arteries)
  5. venoconstriction (of tunica media under sympathetic control)
20
Q

list the 3 methods of regulation of BP

A
  1. Cardiac Output
  2. Total Peripheral Resistance
  3. Blood Volume
21
Q

Regulation of BP - CO

A
  • rapid
  • short term
  • > SV or HR = > BP
22
Q

Regulation of BP - TPR

A
  • rapid
  • short term
  • vasoconstriction > BP
  • vasodilation < BP
23
Q

Regulation of BP - Blood Volume

A
  • slower
  • long term
  • renal and endocrine mechanisms
  • auto regulation
  • neural regulation
  • renal mechanisms
  • endocrine regulation
24
Q

Regulation of BP - Blood Volume - Auto Regulation

A

tissues regulate their own BP + F in response to:

  • diametre
  • opening/closing of pre capillary sphincters
25
Q

Regulation of BP - Blood Volume - Neural regulation

A
  • cardiovascular centres + ANS
  • cardio inhibitory <
  • cardioacceleratory <
  • vasomotor (change in diametre)
26
Q

Regulation of BP - Blood Volume - Renal Mechanisms list 2

A
  1. direct

2. indirect

27
Q

Regulation of BP - Blood Volume - Renal Mechanisms - Direct

A

rate of urine formation determined by BP

e.g. > BP = > flow to kidneys = > filtration = > urine = < BV + Bp

28
Q

Regulation of BP - Blood Volume - Renal Mechanisms Indirect

A 
Hormones 
- RAAS = < pressure = angiotensin 2 = 
- vasoconstriction 
- aldosterone secretion 
- ADh 
- Thirst 
which all increase pressure
29
Q

Endocrine regulation - autoregulation

A

changes in patterns of BF within capillary beds

30
Q

Endocrine regulation - list receptors

A
  • baroreceptors

- stretch receptors

31
Q

baroreceptor reflex - > stimulation

A

> BR stimulation = < CO

  • peripheral vasodilation = < BP, venous return, CO
32
Q

baroreceptor reflex - < stimulation

A

< BR stimulation = > CO

  • sympathetic stimulation via cardioacceleratory
  • peripheral vasoconstriction
33
Q

carotid sinus reflex

A

monitors and protects blood flow to the brain

34
Q

aortic reflex

A

monitors + maintains blood flow in systemic circuit

35
Q

Capillary exchange - bulkflow

what is it and where does it move through

A

moves across capillary walls by bulk

  • out at arterial end
  • in at venous end

moving through:

  • intracellular clefts
  • fenestrations
  • sinusoids
36
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A
  • fluid pushing against tissue wall
  • to move fluid and small solutes through intracellular clefts/fenestrations
  • out of the capillaries
37
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

force related to tonicity

- pulling force back into capillaries at venous end

38
Q

list the 4 pathways of exchange for :

  • respiratory gases
  • nutrients
  • waste
A
  1. lipid soluble across plasma
  2. water soluble through intracellular clefts
  3. small water soluble through fenestrations
  4. large molecules in pinocytotic vessicles
39
Q

compensated shock

A

< 30% loss
baroreceptor reflex
- intense sympatehtic
- intense vasoconstriction

40
Q

progressive shock

A

> 35% of blood volume lost

  • ischaemic tissue damage
  • inadequate BP + BF = death
41
Q

hypovolaemic shock

A
  • large scale loss

- eg haemorrhage

42
Q

hormones that increase BP

A
  • adrenalin
  • nor adrenalin
  • angiotensin 2
  • aldosterone
  • adh
43
Q

hormones that decrease BP

A
  • ANP

BMA - Exam Semester 2 (11 decks)

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