Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 380 > Module 7b: The Neck > Flashcards

Module 7b: The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx

A

-fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the upper esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

-superior
-middle
-inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter

A

-formed by the lower part of inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter function

A

-prevents reflux of food into airway and prevents air from entering the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The pharynx

A

-situated posterior and communicates with, to the nasal cavities, oral cavity, and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A

-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The nasopharynx

A

-communicates with the nasal cavities anteriorly by choanae
-openings to eustachian tubes are located on lateral walls of nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

-collection of lymphatic tissue located on roof of nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Soft palate

A

-can close the pharyngeal isthmus by elevation during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The oropharynx

A

-communicates anteriorly with oral cavity through the oropharyngeal isthmus
-each side of the oropharynx consists of 2 folds of mucous membranes supported by underlying muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mucous membrane of the oropharynx

A

-palatoglossal arch
-palatopharyngeal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

-collection of lymphatic tissue between the folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The laryngopharynx

A

-extends from oropharynx to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Piriform recesses

A

-2 recesses located on each side of the laryngeal inlet
-form channels that direct food from oral cavity to either side of the raised laryngeal inlet, towards the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Choking

A

-blockage of upper airway, usually above the vocal folds, can be defined as a partial or full. obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Choking symptoms

A

-irregular breathing /coughing
-high pitched wheezing/no breathing
-lips may turn blue
-panic
-waving of area in distress
-loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vestibular and vocal ligaments

A

-both ligaments are enclosed by their respective superficial folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vestibular fold

A

-false vocal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vocal fold

A

-true vocal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cricothyroid ligament

A

-originates from upper border of cricoid cartilage and extends superiorly where free upper margin forms vocal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

-located at back of larynx, primary function is to close vocal folds when swallowing
-secondary function is to change tension of vocal folds for production of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

-thryoarytenoid
-cricothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thryoarytenoid

A

-originates from inferoposterior aspect of thyroid cartilage, and attaches to the anterolateral part of the arytenoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thryoarytenoid function

A

-acts to relax the vocal ligament, producing a softer voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Thyroarytenoid innervation

A

-recurrent laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cricothyroid

A

-originates from anterolateral aspect of cricoid cartilage and attaches to inferior margin of thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cricothyroid function

A

-stretches and tenses the vocal ligaments for production of loud speech and different tones of voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cricothyroid innervation

A

-external laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Laryngospasm

A

-rare but frightening experience and occurs when vocal folds
-suddenly seize up due to disruption in nervous input from laryngeal nerves, which can lead to airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Laryngospasm symptoms

A

-can be provoked by various triggers such as asthma, allergies, exercise, irritants, stress, and/or anxiety, and most commonly GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Arterial supply of the thyroid gland

A

-supplied by superior thyroid artery, a branch of external carotid
-and inferior thyroid artery, a branch of thyrocervical trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Venous supply of the thyroid gland

A

-drained by the paired superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
-which form a venous plexus on the anterior surface of the thyroid gland descends anterior to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which vein may be source of bleeding during a tracheostomy

A

-inferior thyroid vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Vagus nerve

A

-thyroid gland innervated by parasympathetic fibres arising from superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerve
-both branches of vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

-thyroid gland innervated by sympathetic nerve fibres arising from superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Goiter

A

-abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland at inferior pole, if it becomes significantly enlarged, it can compress structures in neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cricothyroid symptoms goiter

A

-altered tone of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Vagus nerve symptoms goiter

A

-difficulty breathing and swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Trachea symptoms goiter

A

-tightness in throat
-unusual coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Phrenic nerve symptoms goiter

A

-difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Superficial muscles of the neck

A

-platysma
-sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Platysma

A

-runs from upper 2 ribs to lower margin of mandible, when it contracts, it tenses skin of neck and responsible for facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

-originates inferiorly, on manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle to insert superiorly on mastoid process
-flex head and neck while individually tilting head towards either shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid

A

-accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Deep muscles of the neck

A

-scalenes
-levator scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Scalenes

A

-3 muscles found in deep lateral neck, spanning between transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and ribs 1 and 2 `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Scalenes function

A

-flexion and rotation of the neck, accessory muscles of respiration, elevating ribs during forced inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Levator scapulae

A

-long muscle situated at posterolateral neck, originates on transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 1-4 and inserts on scapula

48
Q

Levator scapulae function

A

-to lift scapula and support the vertebral column

49
Q

Sternocleidomastoid syndrome

A

-knot or very sensitive area in a muscle

50
Q

Causes of sternocleidomastoid syndrome

A

-stress
-overuse of the muscle
-poor posture
-inactivity

51
Q

Sternocleidomastoid symptoms

A

-pain in lateral neck, jaw, posterior head, and throat
-headaches
-neck stiffness
-tingling in face or neck

52
Q

The hyoid bone

A

-u-shaped bone found superior to larynx and is attached by thyrohyoid membrane
-does not articulate with any other neck bones

53
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

-muscles above hyoid bone

54
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

-muscles below the hyoid bone

55
Q

The suprahyoid muscles

A

-digastric
-stylohyoid
-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid

56
Q

Digastric muscle

A

-has a posterior belly that attached to mastoid process, and an anterior belly that attaches to mandible

57
Q

Intermediate tendon of digastric muscle

A

-runs between anterior and posterior bellies, it is held by a fascial sling to hyoid bone

58
Q

Stylohyoid muscle

A

-originates from styloid process of temporal bone and inserts on hyoid bone

59
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

-paired
-form the floor of oral cavity by joining together at midline raphe
-originate on mandible and insert on hyoid bone

60
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

-originates from mandible and inserts on hyoid

61
Q

Posterior belly of digastric muscle strain

A

-can occur from overuse or jaw misalignment

62
Q

Posterior belly of digastric muscle strain symptoms

A

-pain in neck and under chin
-trigger points are located under angle of mandible

63
Q

The infrahyoid muscles

A

-sternohyoid
-omohyoid
-thyrohyoid

64
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

-originates from manubrium of sternum and inserts on hyoid bone

65
Q

Omohyoid muscle

A

-has 2 bellies
-inferior belly originates on scapula and inserts on intermediate tendon
-superior belly originates at intermediate tendon and inserts on hyoid bone

66
Q

Intermediate tendon of omohyoid

A

-attached to clavicle by fascial sling

67
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle

A

-originates from thyroid cartilage and inserts on hyoid bone

68
Q

Sternothyroid muscle

A

-originates from manubrium of sternum and inserts on thyroid cartilage

69
Q

Omohyoid muscle syndrome

A

-mass in the neck located superior to clavicle that is only visible when patient swallows

70
Q

Omohyoid muscle syndrome symptoms

A

-stiff and tender neck

71
Q

Omohyoid muscle syndrome causes

A

-irritation or damage to muscle
-may result from excessive vomiting or neck trauma

72
Q

Common carotid arteries

A

-internal
-external

73
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

-brain and eyes

74
Q

External carotid artery

A

-face and neck

75
Q

Subclavian arteries

A

-paired
-originate in thorax

76
Q

What do subclavian arteries supply

A

-thorax
-neck
-upper limbs

77
Q

What do subclavian arteries arise from on left side of body

A

-aortic arch

78
Q

What do subclavian arteries arise from on right side of body

A

-brachiocephalic trunk

79
Q

Subclavian veins

A

-originate at outer border of first rib as continuations of axillary veins

80
Q

What is another function of subclavian veins

A

-lymphatic drainage of head and neck

81
Q

Atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery

A

-buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in arterial walls
-may lead to narrowing and irregularity of artery’s lumen, preventing proper blood flow to brain

82
Q

Atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery symptoms

A

-dizziness
-headaches
-confusion
-fainting
-death

83
Q

Infrahyoid muscles lymphatic drainage

A

-superficial nodes
-vertical nodes
-jugular trunk
-thoracic and right lymphatic trunk

84
Q

Superficial nodes

A

-includes submandibular nodes and submental nodes inferior to chin

85
Q

Vertical nodes

A

-superficial cervical nodes
-deep cervical nodes

86
Q

Superficial cervical nodes

A

-found on surface of SCM muscle and associated with external jugular vein

87
Q

Deep cervical nodes

A

-found deep to SCM muscle and are related to the internal jugular vein

88
Q

Jugular trunk

A

-from the deep cervical nodes
-lymphatic vessels drain into jugular trunks

89
Q

Thoracic and right lymphatic trunk

A

-jugular trunks empty into thoracic duct on left side and right lymphatic duct on right

90
Q

Recurrent strep throat

A

-bacterial infection of the pharynx, where lymph nodes become enlarged

91
Q

Recurrent strep throat infection

A

-may suggest antibiotics are not working
-or there is an underlying immune condition

92
Q

Recurrent strep throat symptoms

A

-pain with swallowing
-stiffness in neck
-headache
-fever
-sore throat
-red palatine tonsils

93
Q

Cranial nerves of the neck

A

-glossopharyngeal
-hypoglossal
-vagus

94
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve innervation

A

-provides sensory innervation to tongue, pharynx, and middle ear

95
Q

Hypoglossal nerve innervation

A

-supplies muscles of tongue

96
Q

Vagus nerve innervation

A

-descends through neck to enter thorax, gives rise to nerves that form pharyngeal, parasympathetic cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses

97
Q

Branches of the vagus nerve

A

-right recurrent laryngeal
-left recurrent laryngeal

98
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

-branch of right vagus nerve
-loops around right subclavian artery and ascends in groove between trachea and esophagus

99
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

-branch of left vagus nerve
-loops beneath arch of aorta around ligamentum arteriosum and ascends in groove between esophagus and trachea

100
Q

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis

A

-immobility of vocal folds due to damage or dysfunction of recurrent laryngeal nerve
-usually occurs as a result of blunt trauma

101
Q

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis

A

-swallowing difficulty
-shortness of breath
-weak cough
-hoarseness of voice

102
Q

The cervical plexus

A

-formed by ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves 1-4

103
Q

The cervical plexus innervation

A

-motor innervation to most of muscles of neck
-sensory innervation to skin of neck and back of scalp

104
Q

Infrahyoid muscle paralysis

A

-trauma to cervical spine can damage cervical plexus, resulting in muscular weakness from damaged nerves or paralysis

105
Q

Infrahyoid muscle paralysis symptoms

A

-difficulties swallowing
-hoarse voice
-tightness in throat

106
Q

Phrenic nerves

A

-right and left
-branches of cervical plexus

107
Q

Phrenic nerves innervation

A

-motor and cutaneous innervation to diaphragm

108
Q

Phrenic nerves path

A

-on way to thoracic inlet, each nerve crosses over anterior surface of scalene muscles and subclavian arteries

109
Q

Path of right phrenic nerve

A

-passes anterior to right subclavian artery
-enters thorax through thoarcic inlet
-descends anterior to right lung root
-courses along pericardium
-pierces diaphragm at opening of inferior vena cava

110
Q

Path of left phrenic nerve

A

-passes anterior to left subclavian artery
-enters thorax through thoracic inlet
-descends anterior to left lung root
-crosses aortic arch and left vagus nerve
-courses along pericardium
-pierces and innervates diaphragm

111
Q

The sympathetic trunk

A

-spans the length of the vertebral column
-from base of skull to coccyx
-formed by sympathetic nerve fibres and ganglia

112
Q

The cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

-superior cervical ganglion
-middle cervical ganglion
-inferior cervical ganglion

113
Q

Superior cervical gangion

A

-largest
-positioned posterior to carotid arteries and anterior to C1-2 vertebrae

114
Q

Middle cervical ganglion

A

-located anterior to inferior thyroid arteries and C6 vertebrae
-may be absent in some individuals

115
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion

A

-situated anterior to C7 vertebrae and usually fused with 1st thoracic ganglion

116
Q

Horners syndrome

A

-results from damage to sympathetic innervation of head
-namely the nerves leaving the cervical sympathetic ganglia
-may be caused by spinal cord lesions or certain types of tumours

117
Q

Horners syndrome symptoms

A

-drooping of upper eyelid
-constriction of pupil
-absence of sweating on face and neck

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions