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ANAT 380 > Module 2B: The Abdomen II > Flashcards

Module 2B: The Abdomen II Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal esophagus location

A

-lungs are lateral to thoracic esophagus
-abdominal esophagus is inferior to diaphragm
-thoracic esophagus is posterior to trachea

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2
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

-at distal end of esophagus
-between abdominal esophagus and stomach

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3
Q

Function of lower esophageal sphincter

A

-prevents reflux of gastric contents into esophagus

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4
Q

What type of control is lower esophageal sphincter under

A

-involuntary control

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5
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

A

-weak or abnormal closure of lower esophageal sphincter which can result in regurgitation of stomach contents into esophagus

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6
Q

GERD symptoms

A

-chest pain
-nausea
-vomiting of refluxed contents

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7
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

-gateway of pylorus that controls movement of contents from the stomach into the duodenum

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8
Q

What type of control is the pyloric sphincter under

A

-autonomic control

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9
Q

Pyloric orifice

A

-at distal end of stomach, where stomach empties into proximal part of small intestines
-the stomach walls narrow to form this

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10
Q

Rugae of the stomach

A

-gastric folds that allow expansion

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11
Q

Blood supply of the stomach

A

-celiac trunk
-left gastro-epiploic artery
-left gastric artery
-right gastric artery
-right gastro-epiploic artery

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12
Q

Small intestine location

A

-extends from the pyloric orifice to ileocecal junction and is divided into 3 parts

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13
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

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14
Q

Small intestines mesentery

A

-intraperitoneal
-except for proximal part of duodenum which is retroperitoneal

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15
Q

Parts of the duodenum

A

-superior part
-descending part
-horizontal part
-ascending part

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16
Q

Superior part of the duodenum

A

-first
-duodenal cap
-the bile duct and gastroduodenal arteries pass posterior to this section

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17
Q

Decending part of the duodenum

A

-second
-runs vertically
-contains the major duodenal papilla

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18
Q

Major duodenal papilla

A

-the site where the hepatopancreatic ampulla drains into the duodenum

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19
Q

Horizontal part of the duodenum

A

-third
-passes transversely across inferior ven acava

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20
Q

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome

A

-rare condition where duodenum is compressed between aorta and superior mesenteric artery

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21
Q

Ascending part of the duodenum

A

-fourth
-passes upward and to the left of aorta
-forms duodenal flexure

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22
Q

Ligament of treitz

A

-anchors duodenal flexure to the posterior abdominal wall

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23
Q

Foregut section of duodenum blood supply

A

-gastroduodenal artery and its branch the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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24
Q

Midgut portion of duodenum blood supply

A

-inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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25
Jejunum and ileum blood supply
-jejunal and ileal arteries
26
Meckels diverticulum
-outpouching of tissue in distal ileum of small intestines -birth defect
27
Meckels diverticulum symptoms
-pain -intestinal obstruction resulting in vomiting and constipation -pain in epigastric and umbilical regions of abdomen
28
Teniae coli of large intestine
-3 thickened bands of longitudinal muscle
29
Haustra of large intestine
-segmented pouches or folds
30
Epiploic appendages of large intestine
-fatty tags enclosed by peritoneum
31
Hirschsprung disease
-birth defect -motor nerve cells are absent in the muscles of the colon -affects motility in the colon, making it difficult to pass stool
32
The cecum
-where the ileum joins the large intestines
33
Cecum mesentery
-intraperitoneal
34
Ileocecal valve
-where opening of the ileum into the cecum is controlled
35
Intraperitoneal structures of the large intestines
-cecum -transverse colon -sigmoid colon
36
Retroperitoneal structures of the large intestines
-ascending colon -descending colon -rectum
37
Midgut portion of large intestine blood supply
-3 branches of SMA -ileocolic artery -right colic artery -middle colic artery
38
Hindgut portion of large intestine blood supply
-branches of IMA -left colic artery -sigmoidal arteries -superior rectal artery
39
Mesenteric artery ischemia
-condition resulting in occlusion of mesenteric arteries
40
Mesenteric artery ischemia symptoms
-abdominal pain and tenderness
41
Venous drainage of gastrointestinal viscera
-splenic vein -superior mesenteric vein -inferior mesenteric vein -hepatic portal vein
42
Splenic vein drainage
-drains the spleen, lower esophagus, and part of the stomach and pancreas
43
Superior mesenteric vein location
-ascends through mesentery of small intestine to join splenic vein
44
Inferior mesenteric vein location
-ascends on left to join splenic vein
45
Hepatic portal vein function
-carries nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from digestive tract to the liver
46
What is hepatic portal vein formed from
-union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins
47
What is the hepatic portal vein useful for
-detecting early signs of cirrhosis by testing pulsality
48
What is the biggest internal organ
-liver
49
What are the lobes of the liver divided by
-peritoneum
50
What are the peritoneal recesses
-subphrenic recess -hepatorenal recess
51
Subphrenic recess
-superior extensions of peritoneal cavity between liver and diaphragm
52
Hepatorenal recess
-deep recess in peritoneal cavity on the right side between liver and kidney
53
Main blood supply of the liver
-portal vein -hepatic artery proper
54
Portal vein thrombosis
-blood clot formed in portal vein, interrupting the flow of nutrient rich blood from intestines to liver
55
Portal vein thrombosis symptoms
-upper right abdominal pain and swelling -fever
56
Parts of the gallbladder
-fundus -body
57
Fundus of the gallbladder
-projects anteriorly from inferior border
58
Body of the gallbladder
-projects posteriorly and narrows to the neck which is continuous with cystic duct
59
Gallstones
-hardened deposits of bile that can form in gallbladder
60
Biliary colic
-spasmodic pain caused by an attempt to expel a gallstone
61
Cholagitis
-inflammatory condition of the biliary duct system, commonly caused by gallstones blocking a duct
62
Cholagitis symptoms
-pain in upper right quadrant of abdomen -fever -chills -nausea -vomiting
63
Parts of the pancreas
-head -uncinate process -body -tail
64
Head of the pancreas location
-sits in the concavity of duodenum on the right side of the abdominal cavity
65
Uncinate process location
-medial projection from head
66
Body of the pancreas location
-extends towards the left
67
Tail of pancreas location
-abuts medial side of spleen
68
Pancreatitis
-inflammation of the pancreas, can be caused by presence of gallstones
69
Pancreatitis symptoms
-upper abdominal pain -upper left quadrant pain -fever
70
Location of the spleen
-under left dome of diaphragm behind stomach and anterior to ribs 9,10,11
71
Where is the hilum of the spleen located
-on medial side
72
Splenomegalogy
-condition that occurs when the spleen becomes enlarged, which may affect other abdominal organs close to the spleen
73
Splenomegalogy symptoms
-pain in upper left abdomen -jaundice
74
The kidneys mesentery
-retroperitoneal
75
Which kidney is slightly lower
-right kidney
76
Pyelonephritis
-kidney infection typically caused by bacterial infection of bladder -can travel to kidney through ureters
77
Pyolonephritis symptoms
-flank pain -fever
78
The ureters
-each one leaves the hilum of the kidney and descends vertically towards pelvis
79
Ureter stones
-kidney stone that has moved from kidney into another part of urinary tract obstructing the pathway of urine from kidney into bladder
80
Urinary stones symptoms
-flank pain -bood in urine -pain when urinating -fever -nausea -vomiting
81
The adrenal (suprarenal glands)
-lie on upper poles of the kidneys -right adrenal gland -left adrenal gland
82
Suprarenal glands blood supply
-suprarenal arteries -branches from inferior phrenic and renal arteries
83
Adrenal gland tumour
-usually leads to an imbalance or overproduction of hormones
84
Adrenal gland tumour symptoms
-excessive hair growth -unusual acne
85
Kidneys main blood supply
-right and left renal arteries
86
Right and left renal arteries
-paired arteries that arise from lateral side of abdominal aorta at level L2
87
Accessory renal arteries
-may arise from aorta above or below main renal artery and enter kidney above or below hilum
88
Right and left renal veins
-travel anterior to renal arteries
89
Nutcracker syndrome
-occurs when left renal vein becomes compressed between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery -the resulting pressure increase affects renal vein and therefore urine
90
Nutcracker syndrome symptoms
-blood and protein in urine -flank/abdominal pain

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

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