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ANAT 380 > Module 6: The Upper Limb > Flashcards

Module 6: The Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the pectoral girdle

A

-connect upper limb to thorax

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2
Q

Joints of the pectoral girdle

A

-glenohumeral joint
-acromioclavicular joint
-sternoclavicular joint

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3
Q

Ligaments of the pectoral girdle

A

-acromioclavicular
-coracoacromial
-coracoclavicular
-glenohumeral

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4
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament

A

-between acromion process and clavicle
-reinforces acromioclavicular joint and supports superior shoulder surface

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5
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

-between acromion and coracoid process of scapula
-forms a “vault” that prevents displacement of humeral head superiorly

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6
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

-main stabilizer of acromioclavicular joint
-anchors clavicle to coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A

-largest
-stabilizes glenohumeral joint during abduction of arm

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8
Q

Anterior shoulder subluxation

A

-occurs when head of humerus is partially displaced anteriorly out of the glenoid cavity

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9
Q

Anterior shoulder subluxation symptoms

A

-pain
-limited ROM
-palpable gao
-swelling
-bruising

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10
Q

How does an anterior shoulder subluxation happen

A

-results as a fall on outstretched arm or sports related injury

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11
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

-ball and socket
-between glenoid cavity of scapula and large head of humerus

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12
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

-rim of fibrocarilage that deepens glenoid cavity
-improves stability of joint

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13
Q

Musculature of glenohumeral joint

A

-rotator cuff group
-biceps brachii

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14
Q

Rotator cuff group

A

-subscapularis
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor

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15
Q

Biceps brachii

A

-attaches to superior glenoid tubercle of scapula
-helps stabilize

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16
Q

What is a bursa

A

-fluid filled sac lined by synovial membrane that provide cushion between bones and muscles and prevent friction

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17
Q

What are the 2 upper limb bursae

A

-subacromial bursa
-subdeltoid bursa

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18
Q

Subacromial bursa

A

-seperates superior surface of supraspinatus tendon from acromion, the coracoid, and coaco-acromial ligament superiorly

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19
Q

Subdeltoid bursa

A

-separates deep surface of deltoid muscle from shoulder joint

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20
Q

Shoulder bursitis

A

-results from inflammation and thickening of bursae due to increased amount of friction

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21
Q

Shoulder bursitis causes

A

-too much friction on subacromial or subdeltoid bursae
-can result from repetitive motions such as baseball player throwing ball

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22
Q

Shoulder bursitis symptoms

A

-excessive swelling
-warmth
-pain

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23
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

-teres major
-supraspinatsus

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24
Q

Function of the scapulohumeral muscles

A

-connect to the scapula and function to stabilize glenohumeral joint

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25
Teres major
-originates on inferior part of lateral border of scapula and inserts on medial lip of intertubercular sulcus on humerus -extends and medially rotates
26
Supraspinatus
-originates on supraspinous fossa of scapula and inserts on greater tubercle of humerus -adduction
27
Infraspinatus
-originates in infraspinous fossa of scapula
28
Subscapularis
-originates in subscapular fossa of scapula -anterior to other 3 rotator cuff muscles
29
Teres minor
-originates from middle of lateral border of scapula
30
Spuraspinatus tear
-involves rupture of tendon near site of insertion -fairly common
31
Supraspinatus tear causes
-history of trauma -increased age -lifting something heavy
32
Supraspinatus tear symptoms
-audible pop -rapid onset of shoulder pain -swelling at shoulder -reduced range f motion
33
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
-biceps brachii -coracobrachialis -brachialis
34
What action is the anterior compartment of the arm responsible for
-flexion
35
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm
-triceps brachii -
36
Triceps brachii heads
-long head -lateral head -medial head
37
Where does long head of triceps brachii come from
-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
38
Where do lateral and medial heads come from
-posterior surface of humerus
39
Where do all 3 heads of triceps brachii insert onto
-insert at a common tendon, the triceps tendon -onto the olecranon of the ulna
40
Cubital fossa location
-anterior surface of elbow joint -triangular depression
41
Cubital fossa function
-passage of improtant neurovascular structures
42
Superior border of cubital fossa
-imaginary line between humeral epicondyles
43
Lateral border of cubital fossa
-brachioradialis
44
Medial border of cubital fossa
-pronator teres
45
Contents of cubital fossa
-brachioradialis -brachial artery -biceps brachii tendon -radial artery -ulnar artery -pronator teres -median nerve
46
The popeye deformity
-can result due to rupture of muscle at the site of origin and/or insertion
47
Common muscle involved in popeye deformity
-triceps tendon
48
Popeye deformity symptoms
-pain -swelling -visible bruising -weakness in elbow flexion
49
Parts of the elbow joint
-humeroradial joint -humeoulnar joint -superior radioulnar
50
Humeroradial joint
-between capitulum of humerus and concave upper suface head of radius
51
Humeroulnar joint
-joint between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
52
Superior radioulnar joint
-synovial joint between head of radius and radial notch of ulna
53
Lateral epicondylitis
-tennis elbow -common overuse injury -tiny tears in extensor carpi radialis
54
Lateral epicondylitis symptoms
-pain and tenderness at rest and during movement -limited mobility and reduced strength especially during extension of elbow
55
Joints and ligaments of forearm
-proximal radioulnar joint -annular ligament -interosseous membrane -distal radial notch
56
Proximal radioulnar joint
-formed between head of radius and radial notch of ulna
57
Annular ligament
-encircles head of radius -holding it against radial notch of ulna
58
Interosseous membrane
-fibrous joint -spans space between ulna and radius and divides forearm into anterior and posterior compartments
59
Distal radioulnar joint
-formed between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
60
Radial head subluxation
-when upper limb is jerked superiorly resulting in partial dislocation of the head of radius from annular ligament
61
What population is radial head subluxation common in
-children -because ligaments are not fully formed
62
Radial head subluxation symptoms
-audible pop -pain with supination -limited extension and flexion of forearm
63
Superficial muscles of anterior compartment of forearm
-pronator teres
64
Intermediate muscles of anterior compartment of forearm
-flexor digitorum superficialis
65
Deep muscles of anterior compartment of forearm
-flexor digitorum profundus -flexor pollicis longus -pronator quadratus
66
Pronator teres syndrome
-can be caused by repetitive pronation of forearm -pronator teres hypertrophy which can entrap median nerve
67
Pronator teres syndrome symptoms
-pain in anterior forearm -may be worsened by resisted pronation of forearm and flexion of elbow -significant weakness flexing wrist -weakness in movements of thumb and numbness and tingling of hand and first 4 digits
68
Superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm
-extensor digitorum
69
Extensor digitorum function
-extend digits 2-5, hand, and wrist
70
Extensor digitorum muscle strain
-overuse injury
71
Extensor digitorum muscle strain symptoms
-reduced grip strength and stiffness in fingers
72
The carpal bones
-scaphoid -lunate -triquetrium -pisiform -trapezium -trapezoid -capitate -hamate
73
Which carpal bone is most often involved in fractures
-scaphoid bone
74
Scaphoid bone fracture
-fall on extended wrist
75
Scaphoid bone fracture symptoms
-pain and tenderness -bone out of alignment -pain with adduction of thumb
76
Joints of wrist and hand
-intercarpal -midcarpal -radiocarpal
77
Intercarpal joint
-between carpal bones -sliding motion
78
Midcarpal joint
-between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones -gliding movement
79
Radiocarpal joint
-wrist -radius and proximal carpal bones (not pisiform) -extension, flexion, ab/adduction, and circumduction
80
Carpal tunnel
-concavity covered by flexor retinaculum -on anterior surface of wrist
81
Function of carpal tunnel
-passage of median nerve, 4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, 4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons, and 1 flexor pollicis tendon
82
Carpal tunnel syndrome
-when median nerve had pressure placed upon it -often linked to repetitive movements
83
Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms
-pain worse with movement -numbness and tingling of thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of 4th finger on palmar side
84
Extrinsic muscles of hand
-extensor digitorum
85
Extensor retinaculum
-ligamentus sheet that extensor muscles pass deep to
86
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
-hypothenar and thenar -interosseous
87
Hypothenar muscles
-responsible for movement of pinky
88
Thenar muscles
-responsible for movements of thumb
89
Interosseous muscle types
-dorsal -palmar
90
Dorsal interosseous muscles
-responsible for finger abduction
91
Palmar interosseous muscles
-resposible for finger adduction
92
Tight palmar interossei
-can become tight due to overuse injury, dehydration, or stress
93
Tight palmar interossei symptoms
-inability to bear weight -pain with palpation
94
Vasculature of hand
-superficial palmar arch -deep palmar arch
95
Superficial palmar arch
-ulnar artery forms it and is completed by radial artery -located superficial to flexor tendons of hand
96
What does superficial palmar arch supply
-medial 3 and a half fingers
97
Deep palmar arch
-radial artery curves dorsally to enter and and is compared by deep branch artery
98
What does the deep palmar arch supply
-thumb and lateral half of 2nd finger
99
Hypothenar hammer syndrome
-if blood flow is blocked in ulnar artery
100
Hypothenar hammer syndrome symptoms
-ischemia -discolouration -parasthesia -temp sensitivity of digits 2-5
101
Nerves involved in sensory innervation of hand
-ulnar nerve -median nerve -radial nerve
102
Ulnar nerve
-sensation to skin of palmar and dorsal aspects of medial 1 and a half digits (4&5) -adjacent palm
103
Median nerve
-cutaneous skin of lateral 2/3 of palm -palmar surfaces of lateral 3 and a half digits -dorsum of distal halves of same digits
104
Radial nerve
-cutaneous skin of lateral dorsal aspect of hand -proximal dorsal aspects of digits 1,2,3 -lateral half of digit 4

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

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