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ANAT 380 > Module 6: The Upper Limb > Flashcards

Module 6: The Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the pectoral girdle

A

-connect upper limb to thorax

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2
Q

Joints of the pectoral girdle

A

-glenohumeral joint
-acromioclavicular joint
-sternoclavicular joint

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3
Q

Ligaments of the pectoral girdle

A

-acromioclavicular
-coracoacromial
-coracoclavicular
-glenohumeral

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4
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament

A

-between acromion process and clavicle
-reinforces acromioclavicular joint and supports superior shoulder surface

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5
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

-between acromion and coracoid process of scapula
-forms a “vault” that prevents displacement of humeral head superiorly

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6
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

-main stabilizer of acromioclavicular joint
-anchors clavicle to coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A

-largest
-stabilizes glenohumeral joint during abduction of arm

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8
Q

Anterior shoulder subluxation

A

-occurs when head of humerus is partially displaced anteriorly out of the glenoid cavity

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9
Q

Anterior shoulder subluxation symptoms

A

-pain
-limited ROM
-palpable gao
-swelling
-bruising

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10
Q

How does an anterior shoulder subluxation happen

A

-results as a fall on outstretched arm or sports related injury

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11
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

-ball and socket
-between glenoid cavity of scapula and large head of humerus

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12
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

-rim of fibrocarilage that deepens glenoid cavity
-improves stability of joint

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13
Q

Musculature of glenohumeral joint

A

-rotator cuff group
-biceps brachii

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14
Q

Rotator cuff group

A

-subscapularis
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor

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15
Q

Biceps brachii

A

-attaches to superior glenoid tubercle of scapula
-helps stabilize

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16
Q

What is a bursa

A

-fluid filled sac lined by synovial membrane that provide cushion between bones and muscles and prevent friction

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17
Q

What are the 2 upper limb bursae

A

-subacromial bursa
-subdeltoid bursa

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18
Q

Subacromial bursa

A

-seperates superior surface of supraspinatus tendon from acromion, the coracoid, and coaco-acromial ligament superiorly

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19
Q

Subdeltoid bursa

A

-separates deep surface of deltoid muscle from shoulder joint

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20
Q

Shoulder bursitis

A

-results from inflammation and thickening of bursae due to increased amount of friction

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21
Q

Shoulder bursitis causes

A

-too much friction on subacromial or subdeltoid bursae
-can result from repetitive motions such as baseball player throwing ball

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22
Q

Shoulder bursitis symptoms

A

-excessive swelling
-warmth
-pain

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23
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

-teres major
-supraspinatsus

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24
Q

Function of the scapulohumeral muscles

A

-connect to the scapula and function to stabilize glenohumeral joint

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25
Q

Teres major

A

-originates on inferior part of lateral border of scapula and inserts on medial lip of intertubercular sulcus on humerus
-extends and medially rotates

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26
Q

Supraspinatus

A

-originates on supraspinous fossa of scapula and inserts on greater tubercle of humerus
-adduction

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27
Q

Infraspinatus

A

-originates in infraspinous fossa of scapula

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28
Q

Subscapularis

A

-originates in subscapular fossa of scapula
-anterior to other 3 rotator cuff muscles

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29
Q

Teres minor

A

-originates from middle of lateral border of scapula

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30
Q

Spuraspinatus tear

A

-involves rupture of tendon near site of insertion
-fairly common

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31
Q

Supraspinatus tear causes

A

-history of trauma
-increased age
-lifting something heavy

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32
Q

Supraspinatus tear symptoms

A

-audible pop
-rapid onset of shoulder pain
-swelling at shoulder
-reduced range f motion

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33
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

-biceps brachii
-coracobrachialis
-brachialis

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34
Q

What action is the anterior compartment of the arm responsible for

A

-flexion

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35
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

A
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36
Q

Triceps brachii heads

A

-long head
-lateral head
-medial head

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37
Q

Where does long head of triceps brachii come from

A

-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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38
Q

Where do lateral and medial heads come from

A

-posterior surface of humerus

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39
Q

Where do all 3 heads of triceps brachii insert onto

A

-insert at a common tendon, the triceps tendon
-onto the olecranon of the ulna

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40
Q

Cubital fossa location

A

-anterior surface of elbow joint
-triangular depression

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41
Q

Cubital fossa function

A

-passage of improtant neurovascular structures

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42
Q

Superior border of cubital fossa

A

-imaginary line between humeral epicondyles

43
Q

Lateral border of cubital fossa

A

-brachioradialis

44
Q

Medial border of cubital fossa

A

-pronator teres

45
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

-brachioradialis
-brachial artery
-biceps brachii tendon
-radial artery
-ulnar artery
-pronator teres
-median nerve

46
Q

The popeye deformity

A

-can result due to rupture of muscle at the site of origin and/or insertion

47
Q

Common muscle involved in popeye deformity

A

-triceps tendon

48
Q

Popeye deformity symptoms

A

-pain
-swelling
-visible bruising
-weakness in elbow flexion

49
Q

Parts of the elbow joint

A

-humeroradial joint
-humeoulnar joint
-superior radioulnar

50
Q

Humeroradial joint

A

-between capitulum of humerus and concave upper suface head of radius

51
Q

Humeroulnar joint

A

-joint between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

52
Q

Superior radioulnar joint

A

-synovial joint between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

53
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

-tennis elbow
-common overuse injury
-tiny tears in extensor carpi radialis

54
Q

Lateral epicondylitis symptoms

A

-pain and tenderness at rest and during movement
-limited mobility and reduced strength especially during extension of elbow

55
Q

Joints and ligaments of forearm

A

-proximal radioulnar joint
-annular ligament
-interosseous membrane
-distal radial notch

56
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

-formed between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

57
Q

Annular ligament

A

-encircles head of radius
-holding it against radial notch of ulna

58
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

-fibrous joint
-spans space between ulna and radius and divides forearm into anterior and posterior compartments

59
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

-formed between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

60
Q

Radial head subluxation

A

-when upper limb is jerked superiorly resulting in partial dislocation of the head of radius from annular ligament

61
Q

What population is radial head subluxation common in

A

-children
-because ligaments are not fully formed

62
Q

Radial head subluxation symptoms

A

-audible pop
-pain with supination
-limited extension and flexion of forearm

63
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior compartment of forearm

A

-pronator teres

64
Q

Intermediate muscles of anterior compartment of forearm

A

-flexor digitorum superficialis

65
Q

Deep muscles of anterior compartment of forearm

A

-flexor digitorum profundus
-flexor pollicis longus
-pronator quadratus

66
Q

Pronator teres syndrome

A

-can be caused by repetitive pronation of forearm
-pronator teres hypertrophy which can entrap median nerve

67
Q

Pronator teres syndrome symptoms

A

-pain in anterior forearm
-may be worsened by resisted pronation of forearm and flexion of elbow
-significant weakness flexing wrist
-weakness in movements of thumb and numbness and tingling of hand and first 4 digits

68
Q

Superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm

A

-extensor digitorum

69
Q

Extensor digitorum function

A

-extend digits 2-5, hand, and wrist

70
Q

Extensor digitorum muscle strain

A

-overuse injury

71
Q

Extensor digitorum muscle strain symptoms

A

-reduced grip strength and stiffness in fingers

72
Q

The carpal bones

A

-scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrium
-pisiform
-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate

73
Q

Which carpal bone is most often involved in fractures

A

-scaphoid bone

74
Q

Scaphoid bone fracture

A

-fall on extended wrist

75
Q

Scaphoid bone fracture symptoms

A

-pain and tenderness
-bone out of alignment
-pain with adduction of thumb

76
Q

Joints of wrist and hand

A

-intercarpal
-midcarpal
-radiocarpal

77
Q

Intercarpal joint

A

-between carpal bones
-sliding motion

78
Q

Midcarpal joint

A

-between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
-gliding movement

79
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

-wrist
-radius and proximal carpal bones (not pisiform)
-extension, flexion, ab/adduction, and circumduction

80
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

-concavity covered by flexor retinaculum
-on anterior surface of wrist

81
Q

Function of carpal tunnel

A

-passage of median nerve, 4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, 4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons, and 1 flexor pollicis tendon

82
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

-when median nerve had pressure placed upon it
-often linked to repetitive movements

83
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms

A

-pain worse with movement
-numbness and tingling of thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of 4th finger on palmar side

84
Q

Extrinsic muscles of hand

A

-extensor digitorum

85
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

-ligamentus sheet that extensor muscles pass deep to

86
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

-hypothenar and thenar
-interosseous

87
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

-responsible for movement of pinky

88
Q

Thenar muscles

A

-responsible for movements of thumb

89
Q

Interosseous muscle types

A

-dorsal
-palmar

90
Q

Dorsal interosseous muscles

A

-responsible for finger abduction

91
Q

Palmar interosseous muscles

A

-resposible for finger adduction

92
Q

Tight palmar interossei

A

-can become tight due to overuse injury, dehydration, or stress

93
Q

Tight palmar interossei symptoms

A

-inability to bear weight
-pain with palpation

94
Q

Vasculature of hand

A

-superficial palmar arch
-deep palmar arch

95
Q

Superficial palmar arch

A

-ulnar artery forms it and is completed by radial artery
-located superficial to flexor tendons of hand

96
Q

What does superficial palmar arch supply

A

-medial 3 and a half fingers

97
Q

Deep palmar arch

A

-radial artery curves dorsally to enter and and is compared by deep branch artery

98
Q

What does the deep palmar arch supply

A

-thumb and lateral half of 2nd finger

99
Q

Hypothenar hammer syndrome

A

-if blood flow is blocked in ulnar artery

100
Q

Hypothenar hammer syndrome symptoms

A

-ischemia
-discolouration
-parasthesia
-temp sensitivity of digits 2-5

101
Q

Nerves involved in sensory innervation of hand

A

-ulnar nerve
-median nerve
-radial nerve

102
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

-sensation to skin of palmar and dorsal aspects of medial 1 and a half digits (4&5)
-adjacent palm

103
Q

Median nerve

A

-cutaneous skin of lateral 2/3 of palm
-palmar surfaces of lateral 3 and a half digits
-dorsum of distal halves of same digits

104
Q

Radial nerve

A

-cutaneous skin of lateral dorsal aspect of hand
-proximal dorsal aspects of digits 1,2,3
-lateral half of digit 4

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

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