Module 7 - Using Health Services Flashcards
1
Q
What are the series of health and illness-related behaviours?
A
- Perception
- Interpretation
- Decision
- Stages of Delay
2
Q
Explain the Perception Stage of Health and Illness-related Behaviours
A
- Detect/Perceive Symptoms
- Awareness
3
Q
Explain Interpretation Series of Health and Illness-related Behaviours
A
- Interpret symptoms as potentially threatening
- Illness, injury, disease inferred
4
Q
Explain Decision Series of Health and Illness-related behaviours
A
- Decide if med. attention needed
- Intention set
5
Q
Explain Stages of Delay Series of helath and illness-related behaviours
A
- Appraisal
- Illness
- Utilization
6
Q
What factors play a role in perceiving symptoms?
A
- Individual
- Environmental
- Social
7
Q
Explain Individual differences in perceiving symptoms
A
- Extent to which they attend internal states
- Some have heightened awareness/sensitivity bodily sensations
8
Q
What do internally focused people somtimes do?
A
- Exaggerate/Overestimate symptoms
9
Q
Explain environmental and social factors that may play a role in perceiving symptoms
A
- Boring situation
- Other people report symptoms
10
Q
What psychological factors influence perceiving symptoms?
A
- Expectations
- Negative emotions
11
Q
What factors play into interpreting symptoms?
A
- Prior Experiences
- Commonsense Models of Illness
12
Q
Explain how prior experiences impact interpreting symptoms
A
- either help or hinder peoples interpretations of symptoms
13
Q
Explain how commonsense models of illness impact interpreting symptoms
A
- Illness identity
- Causes/underlying pathology
- Timeline or prognosis
- consequences
14
Q
Who are The Worried Well?
A
- People who are unnecessarily anxious about their physical or mental health
15
Q
What do the Worried Well do?
A
- Misuse health service
16
Q
What are the Somatic Symptom Disorders in the DSM-5-TR?
A
- Somatic Illness Disorder
- Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Conversion Disorder
- Factitious Disorder
17
Q
Explain Somatic Illness Disorder
A
- Somatic symptoms with anxiety
18
Q
Explain Illness Anxiety Disorder
A
- Preccupation with having/getting illness
- Hypochondriasis
19
Q
Explain Conversion Disorder
A
- Altered voluntary motor/sensory function
- Incompatible with neurological/medical condition
20
Q
What is Conversion Disorder also called?
A
- Functional neurological symptom disorder
21
Q
Explain Factitious Disorder
A
One deceives others by:
- appearing sick
- Purposely getting sick
- Self-injury
22
Q
What is a Lay Referral Network?
A
- People decide to seek medical attention for their symptoms, they typically get advice from friends, relatives, or co-workers
23
Q
What might a lay referral network do?
A
- Help interpret a symptom
- Give advice about seeking care
- Recommend a remedy
- Recommend talking to someone else
24
Q
Who reports more difficulties for accessing health services?
A
- Women
- Indigenous People
- Immigrants
- Low-income Canadians
25
Who is more likely to use health services overall: men or women?
- Women
26
Why might women use helath care services more often then men?
- Gender-specifc care
- Develop more illnesses
- More medication for acute conditions
- Men less willing to report symptoms, seek care
- Men socialized to ignore symptoms
27
Why might women report more difficulties accessing health care services compared to men?
- More frequent use of health services
- Lack of physician-training on women's health
- Women less likely to be adequately treated (pain)
- Women more often report not feeling respected
- Financial limitations (lower wages, family responsiblities)
28
Do low-income canadians have longer wait times for hospitals?
- YES
29
Do immigrants have longer wait times at hospitals?
- YES
30
How can stigma impact health services?
- Interfere
- Transgender adults get refused medical care
31
What groups might see health care services interfered with due to stigma?
- Older Adults
- Visible Minorities; Immigrants; refugees
- LGBTQ+ individuals/families
- Overweight
- Miscarried
- Abortions
- Mental Ill
- Substance abuse
- Poverty/homeless
32
How does WHO describe rights to health?
- Right to control one's health/body and the right to a health system that offers equal opportunty to attain health
33
How can doctors be problematic for communication?
- Doctor Centred
34
How can patients be problematic for communication?
- poor listener
- insist
- fail to follow recommendations
35
Explain Patient-Centred Communication
- Providers see problem/treat as patient does (empathy)
- Enlist patient's cooperation
36
What is compassion fatigue?
- Emotional exhaustion due to frequent/difficult patients
37
What are the 3 main components of burnout?
- Emotional Exhaustion
- Depersonalization
- Low Sense of Personal Accomplishment
38
What has positive correlations with empathy?
- Compassion Fatigue
- Burnout
39
How might burnout and empathy be seen to have negative correlation?
- empathy makes work meaningful
- Burnout reduces empathy
40
What is clinical empathy?
- Understanding inner experiences and perspectives of patient as separate individual
- Communicating this to them
41
What do adherence and compliance refer to?
- Extent to which a patient follows medical advice or instructions
42
What is the average overall rate of adherence?
60%
43
When is adherence very low?
- Recommended lifestyle changes
44
What does it mean to make it SIMPLE to enhance patient adherence?
- Simplify Regimen
- Impart Knowledge
- Modify Patient Beliefs
- Patient Communication
- Leave the Bias
- Evaluate Adherence
45
What does being hospitalized do to the sick-role experience?
- Adds negative aspects
46
How does being hospitalized add negative aspects to the sick-role experience?
- Limits privacy
- Restricts activities
- High dependence
- Stressful events/experiences
47
What kind of coping will you see in the hospital?
- Problem-focused
- Emotion-focused
- Blame
- Helplessness
- Denial, rumination, catastrophizing
48
When is problem-focused coping common in the hospital?
- When patients believe they can do something about the problem
49
When is emotion-focused coping common in the hospital?
- When patients perceive having no control
50
What is blaming others associated with in the hospital?
- Poor adjustment
51
When can helplessness arise in hospitals?
- feeling of low control
52
What can helplessness do for later situations where control may be possible?
- Impede
53
What is the most effective approach to helping patients prepare for procedures?
Enhance
- Behavioural control
- Cognitive control
- Informational control
54
Explain enhancing behavioural control to prepare patient for procedures
- Reduce discomfort/promote recovery through certain actions
- Special breathing/coaching exercise
55
Explain enhancing cognitive control when preparing a patient for procedures
- focus on benefits of procedure not unpleasant aspects
56
Explain enhancing informational control when preping patients for procedure
- Information about what to expect during/after procedure
57
How do people vary in the amount of health-related information they desire?
- Monitors
- Blunters
58
Explain Monitor patients
- Concerned/worried
- Seek information
- Motivated by detailed information (risk/strategies)
59
Explain Blunter patients
- Overwhelmed by info
- Avoid info
- Motivated by short, non-threatening info
60
What happens if a Blunter or Monitor receives the wrong level of information?
- react negatively
61
What are the main factors related to patient's satisfaction in health-care?
- Quality of care
- Quality of interaction with practitioner
- Sense of autonomy/informed consent
62
What are the predictors of patient satisfaction with health system in Europe
- Autonomy
- Choice
- Communication
- Confidentiality
- Dignity
- Prompt Attention
- Quality of Basic Amenities
63
What did the Canadian Institute for Health Information identify 3 Key factors for patient satisfaction?
- Communication
- Coordination among care providers
- Support/plan for leaving hospital
64
What has patient satisfaction been associated with?
- Reduced hypertension
- Fewer complications
- Reduced mortality
- Improved patient compliance/adherence
- Improved use of health services
65
Why do single bed hospital rooms result in better physical and mental health outcomes for patients?
- Reduced infection
- Improved privacy
66
What is alternative medicine?
- healing effects but not science based
67
What is complementary medicine?
- Alternative medicine used with conventional medical treatment
68
What is CAM?
- Complementary and Alternative MEd
69
What are the types of CAM?
- Manipulative/body-based methods
- Natural products
- Mind-body interventions
70
What are some examples of Manipulative and body-based methods of CAM?
- Chiroptractic Care
- Message Therapy
- Reflexology
71
Examples of Natural Products method of CAM
- Herbal products
- Vitamin/mineral supplements
- Dietary supplement
72
Examples of mind-body intervention method of CAM
- Progressive muscle relaxation
- Meditation
- Yoga
73
What concerns are there about CAM?
- Can have harmful side effects
- Profit from false claims
- Forgo conventional medicine
74
What is the placebo effect?
- improvement due to therapeutic intent not specific in nature
75
What are Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) designed to measure?
- efficacy of drug under optimal conditions
- Using control group
76
How is placebo controlled for in RCTs?
- Control group with inert treatment
77
What effects the influence of a placebo effect?
- Shape
- Size
- Colour
- Taste
- Quantity
78
What are green and blue pills associated with?
- Sedative effects
79
What are yellow and red pills associated with?
- Stimulant effects
80
What are white pills associated with?
- Pain meds
81
What are capsules considered more effective than?
- Tablets
82
Is deception necessary for placebo effect?
- NO
83
Why does the placebo effect happen?
- Improve with time
- Confirmation bias
- Expectations
- Pharmacological conditioning
- Human connection
84
What is the Nocebo Effect?
- Belief that harmless substance is harmful can result in physical symptoms
85
