Module 3 - Coping & Stress Management Flashcards
What does coping refer to?
- The things that people do to reduce their stress
What does coping include?
- Efforts to manage internal and external demands
Is coping a single event?
-NO
What does coping involve?
- Continuous transactions with the environment and continuous appraisals/reappraisals
What kind of process is coping?
- Dynamic process
Explain the transactional model of stress and coping
- Stimulus
- Primary & Secondary Appraisal
- Coping Response
What are the three functions of coping?
- Problem-focused
- Emotion-focused
- Relationship-focused
Explain problem-focused coping.
- Direct efforts to solve the problem
Explain Emotion-focused coping
- Efforts to manage emotions generated by the stressful situation
Explain relationship-focused coping
- Efforts to maintain and manage social relationship during stressful periods
What are the two options for problem-focused coping?
- Changing the situation
- Changing ourselves
Explain the changing the situation option of problem-focused coping
- Thinking of options
- Making a plan of action
- Increasing efforts to make thing work
Whats an example of thinking of options?
- Weighing pros and cons
What is an example of making a plan of action?
- Formulating a list
Explain the changing ourselves option of problem-focused coping
- seeking information from other sources
- Learning new skills
- Taking a course
Example of learning a new skill
- Practicing
- Rehearsing
example of taking a course
- Reading a book
What are some examples of emotion-focused coping?
- Denial
- Escape-Avoidance
- Distancing
- Wishful Thinking
- Emotional Suppression
- Emotional Expression
- Positive Reappraisal
- Self-care
- Social Comparison
- Prayer
- Substance Use
- Other Defence Mechanisms
Examples of Relationship-focused coping
- Empathetic Responding
- Perspective Taking
- Support Seeking
- Support Provision
- Compromise
- Interpersonal Withdrawal
- Confrontation
- Mixed Functions - Interactive Effects
Explain Meaning-Focused Coping
- Efforts to manage the meaning of an event or situation
What is meaning-focused coping according to Folkman?
- Drawing on beliefs, values, and existential goals to motivate and sustain coping and well-being in difficult times
What is approach coping?
- Actively deal with problem or manage tension
What types of approach coping are there?
- Cognitive
- Behavioural
Explain cognitive approach coping
- trying to see the positive
explain behavioural approach coping
- talking to a friend
What are the benefits of approach coping?
- Appropriate action
- Release of emotions
- Assimilation of trauma
- Stress reduction
Possible costs of approach coping?
- Increased distress
- Non-productive worry and rumination
Explain avoidance coping
- Distance oneself from the problem and not think about it
Explain cognitive avoidance coping
- trying not to think about it
explain behavioural avoidance coping
- drinking to reduce tension
Possible benefits of avoidance coping
- short-term stress reduction
- allows for dosing
- increased hope and courage
Possible risks of avoidance coping?
- Increased distress
- Interference with action
- emotional numbness
- disruptive behaviour
What does the best way of coping depend on?
- Personal attributes
- Abilities
- Contextual Factors
- Social Factors
- Controllability of stressor
What is better when the situation is uncontrollable?
- Avoidance coping
What is better when one can take advantage of opportunities for control?
- Approach coping
What is the best indicator of effective coping?
- The outcome
Explain psychological resilience
- Positive adaptation or successful coping after a stressful or adverse situation
What can resilience do for stress?
- Recovery without lasting impact
According to Major et al (1998), resilience involves high levels of what 3 positive aspects of personality?
- Self-esteem
- Personal Control
- Optimism
What does hardiness require?
- Control
- Commitment
- Challenge
What are some health outcomes of resilience in Old Age?
- Improved quality of life
- Independence in ADL
- Faster Cardiovascular recovery
- Increased longevity
- Lower mortality risk
- Better mental health
- Greater happiness, well-being
- Lower rates of depression
- Higher life satisfaction
- Successful Aging (despite adversities)