Module 6 - Key Factors in Change Flashcards
How did the CDC’s Anti-smoking campaign in 2012 impact the tobacco industry?
- No impact on earnings
What were the most successful anti-smoking ads?
- emotionally evocative
- Contain personalized stories
Who plays an important role in disseminating health-related information other than health agencies and medical professionals?
- Mass Media
- News Outlets
- Internet
What plays a role in whether or not health-related information is effective?
- The way its delivered
What is educational appeal messaging?
- Provide general information (vs. tailored content)
What does educational appeal messaging assume?
- People will be motivated to improve a health behaviour with correct information
What factors must be considered about educational appeal messaging’s success rate?
- Colour/vividness of ads
- Expertise, likeability, relatability
- Avoidance of jargon/stats
- Length of message
- Placement of strong argument
- Presentation of both sides
- Clarity of conclusion
- Avoidance of extremes
What does message framing refer to?
- Whether information emphasizes the benefits (gains) or costs (losses) associated with a behaviour or decision
What do gain-framed messages focus on?
- Attaining desirable consequences or avoiding negative ones
Give an example of gain-framed messaging
- If you exercise, you will become more fit and less likely to develop heart disease
What does gain-framed messaging work best for?
- motivating behaviours that serve to prevent or recover from illness or injury (eg., using condoms, performing physical therapy)
What does loss-framed messaging focus on?
- Getting undesirable consequences and avoiding positive ones
Example of loss-framed messages
- if you do not get your blood pressure checked, you could increase your chacnes of having a heart attack or stroke, and you will not know that your blood pressure is good.
What does loss-framed messaging seem to work best for?
- Behaviours that occur infrequently and serve to detect a health problem early
Example of things that loss-framed messaging works best for
- Drinking and driving
- Getting a mammogram
Explain fear appeal message framing
- assumes instilling fear will lead to change
When is fear appeal message framing more persuasive?
- Emphasize consequences
- Include personal information
- Provide specific instruction
- Boost self-efficacy before urging them to change
Explain motivational interviewing
- One-on-one counselling style designed to help individuals explore and resolve their ambivalence in changing a behaviour
What was motivational interviewing originally developed for?
- Counselling of alcoholics
What kind of approach is motivational interviewing?
- Semi-directive, client-centered therapeutic
What methods does motivational interviewing follow?
- Transtheoretical model of behaviour change and cognitive behavioural therapy
What are the 2 key features of motivational interviewing?
- Decisional Balance
- Personalized Feedback
Explain decisional balance of motivation interviewing
- Clients list reasons for and against changing behaviour
- Used for points of discussion
Explain personalized feedback of motivational interviewing
Clients received information on:
- pattern of problem behaviour
- Comparisons with norms
- Risk factors/consequences of behaviour
What does BASICS stand for?
- Breif Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students
What is BASICS?
- A harm reduction approach
What was BASICS designed for?
- help students make better alcohol-use decisions based on a clear understanding of the risks associated with problem drinking
How is BASICS applied?
- Over 2 brief interviews
What was done during the 2 brief interviews of BASICS?
- Assess risk problem behaviours, obtaining commitment to monitor drinking between interviews.
- Provide personalized feedback, including comparison to norms, risks, and advice on how to drink safely
What strategies were suggested for the BASICS program?
- Slowing down
- Spacing drinks
- Different types of drinks
- Drink for quality vs. quantity
- Enjoy mild effects of alcohol
What do behavioural methods focus on?
- Helping people manage the antecedents & consequences of a behaviour
Explain what cognitive methods focus on
- changing people’s thought processes
What is one popular intervention that focus on cognitive and behavioural methods?
- Cognitive behavoural therapy (CBT)
What are the three parts of using cognitive behavioural therapy in its application to alcohol abuse?
- Identify unhelpful / unrealistic thoughts and beliefs that contribute to problems
- Identify triggers (internal/external) that cause you to drink
- Engage in more realistic and helpful thoughts
What have electronic interventions that are guided by a therapist/counsellor shown to be clinically effective for?
- Substance abuse
- Other problem behaviour
What can cause difficulties in maintaining health behavioiur changes?
- Lapse
- Relapse
- Abstinence-Violation Effect
Explain Lapse
- Instance of backsliding which does not indicate failure
Explain example of lapse
- A person who quits smoking has a cigarette