Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 314 > Module 4 - Social Determinants of Health > Flashcards

Module 4 - Social Determinants of Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the health canada (2020) main determinants of health?

A
  • Income / Social Status
  • Employment / working conditions
  • Education and literacy
  • Childhood experiences
  • physical environments
  • social support/copings kills
  • healthy behaviours
  • access to health services
  • biology/genetic endowment
  • gender
  • culture
  • race/racism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are health disparities?

A
  • Inequalities in morbidity and mortality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can health disparities affect?

A
  • Disease frequency in group
  • Illness frequency in group
  • Disease mortality in group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some examples of health disparities in Canada?

A
  • Shorter life expectancies among those in lower-income areas
  • High suicide mortality rates in First Nation, Metis, and Inuit communities
  • Lower self-reported mental health / higher mental illness among LGBTQ+ people, indigenous people, and lower-income Canadians.
  • Higher rates of asthma, diabetes, obesity among first nations, metis, those living in norther regions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 members of the indigenous definition?

A
  • First Nation
  • Inuit
  • Metis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some health disparities among Canadian Indigenous groups?

A

Higher
- infant mortality
- obesity
- cancer
- heart disease
- hypertension
- diabetes
- asthma
- depression
- substance abuse
- mental illnesses
Lower
- life expectancies
- self-reported health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What genetic and environmental factors contribute to health disparities of Indigenous people?

A

Thrifty Gene Effect
- May be predisposed to conserve calories
- Possible glucose intolerance (females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Environmental and Lifestyle factors are likely to blame for Indigenous health disparities?

A
  • Less access to healthy foods and health care
  • Lower consumption of traditional foods
  • Less physical activity due to historical changes to way of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many Indigenous people live in poverty?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the links between poverty and higher blood glucose levels?

A
  • Fewer healthy dietary options
  • Elevated cortisol levels (stress)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the rate of suicide among First Nations people compared to the general population?

A
  • 3x higher
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stressors did European colonization involve for Indigenous people?

A
  • New disease
  • loss of land
  • criminalization/loss of culture
  • genocide
  • forced assimilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Intergenerational Trauma?

A
  • Trauma passed down to subsequent generations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What mechanisms may be involved in the experience of intergenerational trauma?

A
  • Direct experiences of trauma
  • Vicarious Trauma
  • Lack of culture & cultural identity
  • Marginalization/discrimination
  • compromised parental functioning
  • modelling of poor coping
  • Genetic/biological vulnerabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is epigenetics?

A
  • Study of changes in organisms caused by changes in gene expression due to environmental influences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is affected for pups by licking behaviour of mother rats in the 1st week? what does this result in?

A

What
- Cortisol receptor gene promotors
results
- variation in stress responsiveness/reactivity in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was altered in male mice exposed to trauma early?

A
  • alteration in gene associated with stress-related hormones/behaviours
18
Q

What happened when stressed out mice fathered young but did not rear them

A
  • Young mice stressed out
19
Q

What did a study find of children of holocaust survivors?

A
  • epigenetic changes to gene linked to cortisol
20
Q

What did m/f res. school attendence show for their adult children?

A
  • increased childhood adversity
21
Q

What did f res. school attendance only show for adult children?

A
  • Increased Allostatic Load
22
Q

Is cultural identify a key factor in health?

A
  • YES
23
Q

What has been shown about indigenous communities that engage in more effort to reclaim culture experience?

A
  • Decrease youth suicide
  • Improve education
  • fewer children placed in care
24
Q

How does socioeconomic status in Canada impact health?

A
  • Each ring up the ladder increases health
25
Q

What was associated with higher life expectancy regarding job ranking?

A
  • Higher Rank = Better Health
26
Q

What causes lower health among those in lower job rankings?

A
  • Lower control
  • Reduced Predictability
  • Fewer Resources due to small paycheque
27
Q

What is lower socioeconomic status associated with?

A
  • Increased morbidity/mortality
  • lower quality of life
28
Q

What is a key mechanism for the health disparity amongst socioeconomic status?

A
  • Stress
29
Q

What is an example of a childhood adversity being programmed to the immune system?

A
  • Immune cells devleop pro-inflammatory tendencies, leads to increase chronic disease
30
Q

What is “shift-and-persist”?

A
  • Shift from low-SES to higher
31
Q

Explain the shifting oneself in “shift-and-persist”

A
  • Accepting stress for what it is
  • Adapting through reappraisal
32
Q

Explain the persisting part of “shift-and-persist”

A
  • Enduring life with strength by maintaining meaning and optimism
33
Q

What key factors should be considered in the link between income and health?

A
  • Social status
  • Individual Income
  • Reverse Association
  • Social Cohesion
  • Social Disinvestment
34
Q

How does high income inequality among rich countries impact health?

A

For both Rich and Poor
- lower life expectancy
- more mental illness
- higher crime
- poorer childhood outcomes
- lower well-being

35
Q

What factors might cause increased health issues for both rich and poor in high income inequality areas?

A
  • Increased societal competition
  • Social evaluation anxiety
36
Q

What is Stigma?

A
  • Negative attitude and behaviours based on group membership or affiliation
37
Q

What is Marginalization?

A
  • Treatment of person or group as less important
38
Q

What does the hostile social environment from stigma, prejudice, and discrimination lead to?

A
  • Increased stress for minorities
  • Increase incidence of disease/illness
39
Q

What are some specific sources of stress for minority groups?

A
  • Direct experience of discrimination
  • Social stigma
  • Rejection and expectation of rejection
  • Hiding/concealing identity (LGBTQ+)
40
Q

Racism has significant affects to health, like cardiovascular disease, how else can it impact health?

A
  • Institutional racism: limit resources
  • Personal experience: increase stress
41
Q

Who represents one of the most stigmatized and marginalized groups in Canada?

A
  • Trans individuals
42
Q
A

Psyc 314 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions