MODULE 7 (NEW) Flashcards
comes from the Greek word strategos,
which has its roots in military language.
Strategy
The process of investigation, analysis, and
decision making that provides the company
with the criteria for attaining a competitive
advantage.
Strategy Formulation
It is when an organization engages in different generic strategies where organizations positions itself relative to its competitors
Strategy Formulation
The process by which strategies and policies
are put into action through the development
of programs, budgets, and procedures.
Strategy Implementation
It is when an organization develops
strategies for achieving company’s goals in
light of its environment.
Strategy Implementation
is a process for analyzing a company’s competitive situation, developing the company’s strategic
goals, and devising a plan of action and allocation of resources (human, organizational, and physical) that will increase the
likelihood of achieving those goals.
Strategic Management
(SHRM)can be thought of as “the pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals.”
Strategic human resource management (SHRM)
focused on day-to-day activities
Administrative Linkage
firm’s strategic business planning function develops the strategic plan and then informs the HRM function of the plan
One-Way Linkage
allows for consideration of human resource issues during the strategy formulation process
Two-Way Linkage
based on
continuing rather than sequential
interaction
Integrative Linkage
Five important variables determine success in strategy implementation
organizational structure;
task design;
the selection, training, and development of people;
reward systems;
and types of information and information systems.
the ___________strategyfocuses on becoming the lowest cost producer in an industry.
“overall cost leadership”
attempts to create the impression that the
company’s product or service is different from that of others in the industry.
“differentiation”
An emphasis on acquiring vendors and suppliers or buying businesses that allow a company to expand into new markets.
External Growth Strategy
A strategy focusing on increasing market share, reducing costs, or creating and maintaining a market niche for products and services.
Concentration Strategy
The planned elimination of large numbers of personnel, designed to enhance organizational effectiveness.
Downsizing
A focus on new market and product development, innovation, and joint ventures.
Internal Growth Strategy
consist of the strategies that evolve from the grassroots of the organization and can be thought of as what organizations actually do, as opposed to what they intend to do
Emergent Strategies
companies are becoming interested in the idea of a “learning organization,” in which
people continually expand their capacity to achieve the results they desire.
Enhancing Firm Competitiveness
is a process of analyzing tasks necessary for production of a product or service, prior to assigning tasks to a particular job category or person.
Work-flow design
refers to the relatively stable and formal network of vertical and horizontal interconnections among jobs that constitute the organization.
Organization structure
Work-flow analysis includes analyzing:
work outputs
work processes
work inputs
is the result of work carried out by people using equipment or service over a certain unit of time. Identifying an output or set of outputs is not sufficient.
Work output
are the activities that members of a work unit engage in to produce a given output. Process consist of operating procedures and these procedures includes all the task that must be performed in the production of the output.
Work processes
is processes that emphasize manufacturing goods with minimum amount of time, materials, money and people to leverage technology and flexible, well-trained and skilled personnel to produce more custom products for less.
Lean Production
use large groups of low skilled employees to churn out long runs of identical mass products stored in inventories for later sale.
Batch Work Methods
refers to the degree to which decision-making authority resides at the top of the organizational chart as opposed to being distributed throughout lower levels.
Centralization
refers to the degree to the degree to which work units are grouped based on functional similarity or similarity of work flow. It also refers to the formal structure of the organization, composed of various departments and managerial positions and their relationships with each other.
Departmentalization
a systematic investigation of task, duties and responsibilities of a job and the necessary
knowledge, skills and abilities of the person needs to perform the job adequately.
JOB ANALYSIS
People who collects information about job content, how the job is done and the personal requirements needed to do the job successfully.
Job Analyst
is an effort where job responsibilities and tasks are reviewed, and possibly re-allocated among staff, to improve output. Redesigning jobs can lead to improvements in both productivity and in job satisfaction.
Job redesign
is the process of making sure there’s adequate staffing, and that employees are qualified to meet the needs of the company.
Human resource planning
identifies the most qualified applicants for employment
Selection
is the process of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job.
Training
is a regular review of an employee’s job performance and overall contribution to
a company.
Performance appraisal
entails matching an individual’s skills and aspirations with opportunities that are or may become available in the organizations.
Career Planning
is a systematic way of determining the value/worth of a job in relation to other jobs in an
organization.
Job Evaluation
describes the duties and responsibilities of the job in a manner that can range from global to a very detailed description of tasks and procedural steps
Job Content
identify the formal qualification, knowledge, skills, abilities and personal characteristics that employees need to perform the content of the job in a particular situation or context
Job Requirement
refers to situational and supporting
information about a particular job.
Job context
job analysts conduct interviews with incumbents to collect information about
their tasks and how they are coping with them.
Job Analysis Method: Interview
job analysis method requires employees, supervisors, and managers to fill out forms,
namely questionnaires.
Job Analysis Method: Questionnaires
enables job analysts to observe employees in their daily routines.
Job Analysis Method: Observation
involves using standardized work procedures and having employees perform repetitive, precisely, defined and simplified task
JOB SPECIALIZATION
horizontal expansion of a job by adding similar duties and responsibilities
JOB ENLARGEMENT
increase task variety by
moving the employee from one job to another
JOB ROTATION
vertical expansion of a job
by adding planning and decision-making
responsibilities
JOB ENRICHMENT
identifying the simplest way to structure work that maximizes efficiency.
Mechanistic Approach
focuses on the job characteristics that affect the psychological meaning and motivational potential, and it views attitudinal variables as the most important outcomes of job design.
Motivational Approach
A theme common to nearly all organizations is the need to identify clearly the outputs of work, to specify the quality and quantity standards for those outputs, and to analyze the processes and inputs necessary for
producing outputs that meet the quality standards.
Biological Approach
has its roots in the human-factors literature and focuses on human mental capabilities and limitations.
Perceptual-Motor Approach
