Module 6 - Modern History of China Flashcards
The first emperor of China was 【A】, while the last one was 【 B】.
【A】 Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇
【 B】 Puyi 溥仪
Qin Shi Huang is the beginning (始 Shi) of the Qin family (秦 Qin) and becomes the Emperor (皇 Huang) who starts the imperial rule in China.
The 【 A】 Dynasty, the last dynasty in China, had lasted for 【 B】 years.
【A】 Qing
【 B】 268
From 1644 - 1912: 2 Centuries, 6 periods, 8 = 2 + 6
The First 【 A】 War fought during the 21st and 22nd year of the 【 B】 Reign (1840 – 1842), was the turning point of Chinese modern history as it led to the decline of the Qing Dynasty.
aka Opium War
【A】 Anglo-Chinese
【B】 Daoguang
The Treaty of 【 A】 was signed in 1895 between the Qing Empire of China and Empire of Japan ending the First Sino-Japanese War. Japan made use of the Chinese 【 B】 to develop her military force to invade China.
【A】 Shimonoseki
【B】 indemnity
The Eight-Nation Alliance was an alliance of nations made up of United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, 【 A】 , Italy, and Austria-Hungary, whose military forces invaded China in【 B】 .
【A】 Japan
【 B】 1900
After the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded and occupied Beijing, the “【 A】 Protocol” was signed on 9 September, 【 B】 , which ordered China to pay 450 million taels of silver as war reparations.
【A】 Boxer
【 B】 1901
The Boxer Rebellion’s name comes from that used by foreigners for members of the Chinese secret society Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”): they were called “Boxers” for their boxing and calisthenic rituals. The society’s original aim was to destroy the ruling Qing dynasty and privileged Westerners in China.
“The Boxers got outdone in 1901”
At the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese reformists debated whether it was necessary to overthrow the imperial government to bring about a new order of things in the nation. One of the key figures of the movement to bring down the Qing Dynasty was Dr. 【A】, who has been regarded as the father of modern China.
【A】 Sun Yat-sen
The 【 A】 Revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty and brought an end to the imperial rule in China.
【A】 1911
“In 1911 the Qing fell from heaven.”
In 1913, Sun Yat-sen started a rebellion, the so-called “ 【 A】 ”, in Canton against Yuan Shikai’s dictatorship. However, the rebellion failed, and Sun Yat-sen fled to【B】.
【A】 Second Revolution
【B】 Japan
In 1916, Yuan Shikai reinstated monarchy in China, taking the era name 【 A】 . However Yuan reigned a total of 【 B】days only.
【A】 Hongxian 洪先
【 B】 83
洪先 = Flood first. Hongxian’s rule was just 83, too short for a dynasty to be!
On 4 May 1919, “【 A】 Movement” broke out in Beijing. More than 3,000 students gathered at 【 B】 Square and held a demonstration protesting the Chinese government’s weak response to the Treaty of Versailles.
【A】 May Fourth
【B】 Tiananmen 天安门
“May the 4th awaken reform!” / Platz des Himmlischen Friedens
The Chinese 【 A】 Party was founded in July 1921.
【A】 Communist
CCP
On September 18, 1931, near Shenyang in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan’s South Manchuria Railway was dynamited. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year. The incident was known as the “【 A】 Incident”.
【A】 918 / Mukden
The 【 A】 Incident is a coup d’état taking place on 12 December 1936 in which 【 B】 , the leader of the Kuomintang, was suddenly arrested and kidnapped by Marshal Zhang Xuelian, a former warlord of Manchuria. The incident led the Nationalists and the Communists to make peace so that the two could form a united front against the increasing threat posed by Japan.
【A】 Xian 西安
【B】 Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was placed under house arrest in the city of Xian by a Nationalist army he was there to review.
On 7 July 【 A】 , Japanese invaders attacked the Lugou Bridge, better known in the west as the 【 B】 Bridge. The Lugou Bridge Incident, also known as the Incident of 【 C】 , sparked the 【 D】 -year War of Resistance Against Japan.
【A】 1937
【 B】 Marco Polo
【C】 July 7；
【 D】 eight
When did the Marco Polo Bridge incident occur? - Answer: July 7, 1937 (7.7.37), leading to an 8-year war of resistance.
The 【 A】 , was a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing on 13 December 1937. During this period, around 30 thousand Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.
【A】 Nanjing Massacre
aka Nanking Massacre, Rape of Nanking
The United Nations Declaration was a World War II document agreed to on January 1, 1942 by 【 A】
governments, including the four major anti-Fascist powers – the USA, the UK, the USSR, and 【 B】 .
【A】 26
【 B】 China
Number of letters in the alphabet (26)
On 7 December 1941, Japan staged an attack on the US naval base at 【 A】 Harbour, sparking the outbreak of the 【 B】 War
【A】 Pearl
【 B】 Pacific
After two 【 A】 bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan declared unconditional surrender in August 【 B】, ending the War of Resistance Against Japan.
【A】 atomic
【 B】 1945
Upon the surrender of Japan which concluded the Second World War, civil war broke out again between the 【 A】 and the 【 B】 in China.
【A】 Communists
【B】 Nationalists
After the Chinese Civil War, 【 A】, leader of the Chinese Communist Party, proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China on 1 October 【 B】, while 【 C】 and his Kuomintang retreated to 【 D】 .
【A】 Mao Zedong
【B】 1949
【C】 Chiang Kai-shek
【D】 Taiwan
The 【 A】 Revolution took place in the People’s Republic of China from 1966 to 1976, during which many economic activities and the education system in China were virtually halted.
【A】 Cultural
The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee was a meeting of the Central Committee of the CPC held in Beijing in December 1978. It marked the beginning of the “【 A】 ” policy.
【A】 Reform and Opening Up
The late leader of the Communist Party of China 【 A】
advocated the ideas of “Liberate Thoughts” and “Seek Truth from Facts” and had developed “Socialism with 【 B】characteristics”.
【A】 Deng Xiaoping
【B】 Chinese
The current President of the People’s Republic of China is 【 A】 , who is also serving as 【 B】 of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Central 【 C】 Commission.
【 A】 Xi Jinping
【 B】 general secretary
【C】 Military
