Module 6 Flashcards

Question

Test Frames

Answer 1

-To determine syntactic categories, we can use test-frames (sentences with empty slots) ~The _____ make a lot of noise. ~Forms which fit into the same test frame belong to the same syntactic category *Rather than saying all nouns reference "person, place, or ting," we can say that nouns are a class of words that can be preceded by an article (like "a" or "the") and followed by a verb -Categorizing words synactically gives us a sense of which words can go together in a phrase or sentence and which cannot -For example, you can differentiate nouns and pronouns by their syntactic position in a sentence. They both refer to people/place/things but: ~Nouns: can be preceded by articales and adjectives (in English) ~Pronouns: cannot be preceded by articles and adjectives *the BOY unnecessary ROUGHNESS, SCHOOL, an ugly STORM *the HE, unnecessary IT, IT an ugly IT

Answer 2

-Words from different syntactic categories can be combined together to from phrases (also called "constituents" of a sentence) -Consider the sentence ~An old man brought a shotgun to the wedding. *If you were to group the sentence into it's composite 'parts,' which groupings of words would make the most sense? **An old man **brought **a shotgun **to the wedding

Answer 3

-Language users have intuition about which words "go together" in a sentence (based on experience with the language) -Word that "go together" to perform a function in a sentence are called Constituents -Also called phrases ~In this class, you'll only be asked to identify the three main types of phrases in a sentence *Noun phrase- describes the entities involved in the event in the sentence *Verb phrase- describes the event in the sentence *Prepositional phrase- describes temporal, spatial, interactional, relationships between noun phrases or verb phrases in the sentence.

Answer 4

-Consists of a noun or pronoun and the words that go with it ~Articles, adjectives, prepositional phrase, quantifiers -Is an entity involves in whatever is happening in the sentence ~Is the subject (the person/thing that is doing the action), or an object (receiving/being affected by the action, or an object of a preposition) * the brown COW *twelve GEESE under a log *a GIRL with scissors * the Concept of syntax *an old shape-shifting alien MOBSTER **the nucleus of the main noun phrase is bolded

Answer 5

-Consists of a verb and the words that go with it ~Adverbs, perpositional pharses, noun phrases -Refers to the main thing that is going on in the sentence ~THe action, event, process, state, activity that the sentence describes *SLEEP in a bunkbed *WENT RUNNING last week *LIKE eating hamburgers at a picnic table on the beach *SWALLOWED the ice cube *IS a butterfly expert *SINGS **most sentences in most languages require a verb phrase

Answer 6

``` -Consists of a preposition and the worrds that go with it ~Usually an NP -Refers to spatial and temporal relationships and circumstances involving entities and actions in the sentence *AT the long table by the door *UNDER the big green tree *IN the gloomy weather *FOR my brother *AFTER the office party *WITH a fork ```

Answer 7

-Noun Phrases (NP) ~Consists of a noun or pronoun and the words that go with it *ARticles, adjectives, prepositional phrases, quantifiers ~Is an entity involved in whatever is happening in the sentence *the brown cow *twelve geese [under a log] *a girl [with scissors] *the concept [of syntax] **The [] are prepositional phrases * twelve geese under [a log] *some yellow flowers by [the road] *a girl with [scissors] *the concept of [syntax] ** The [] have otehr NPs inside them -Verb phrases ~Consist of a verb and the words that go with it *Adverbs, prepositional phrases, noun phrases ~Refers to the main thing that is going on in the sentence *the action, event, process, state, activity that the sentence describes **sleeps in [ a bunkbed] **ran [home] **like eating tacos at [the picnic table on [the beach]} **swallowed [the ice cube] ***The [] have NP inside them **sleeps [in the bunkbed] **likes eating tacos [at the picnic table [on the beach]] ***The [] have prepositional phrases -Prepositional phrases ~refers to spatial and temporal relationships or circumstances involving entities and actions in the sentence, or establishes semantic rules *at [the long table by [the door]] *under [the big green tree] *in [the gloomy weather] *for [my brother] *after [the office party] *with [a for] **The [] usually have a NP inside them *at the long table {by the door] **can have other PPs inside them

Answer 8

-Three tests ~Replacement test ~Movement test ~Question test

Answer 9

- Replace constituent with a pronoun or generic adverb like "there" or "then" * THE FLUFFY WHITE DOG ate the bacon on the floor * IT ate the bacon on the floor * The fluffy white dog ate THE BACON on the floor * The fluffy white dog ate IT on the floor * The fluffy white dog ate the bacon ON THE FLOOR * The fluffy white dog are the bacon THERE

Answer 10

- Mover the constituent somewhere else in the sentence * The fluffy white dog ate bacon ON THE FLOOR * ON THE FLOOR, the fluffy white dog ate * He ate salad WHILE RIDING THE BUS * WHILE RIDING THE BUS,, he ate salad

Answer 11

-Ask a question where one of the constituents is the answer ~The fluffy white dog ate the bacon on the floor *Who ate bacon on the floor? **The fluffy white dog *What did the fluffy white dog eat? **Bacon *Where did the fluffy white dog eat bacon? **On the floor