module 6 - 19.10 population genetics Flashcards
what is population genetics?
genetic composition of a population rather than individuals
what is a sample?
a representative selection from a parent population
what is a parent population?
the total group from which the sample is selected
what is frequency?
the total count of a particular variable in a sample or the estimated count for that variable in the population
- frequencies are whole numbers
what is relative frequency?
the frequency of a particular variable divided by the total of all the variables in the sample (proportion)
- always between 1 and 0
what is a gene pool?
the total number of alleles in a particular gene that are present within a population at a particular time
what is the general formula used to represent the relative frequencies of alleles within a population?
p + q = 1
p - frequency of dominant alleles
q - frequency of recessive alleles
what is the hardy-weinberg equation?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
AA + Aa + aa = 1
what does the hardy-weinberg equation calculate?
the expected frequencies of the progeny genotypes and phenotypes
what is p^2?
proportion of the next generation to be homozygous dominant (AA)
what is 2pq?
proportion of the next generation to be heterozygous (Aa)
what is q^2?
proportion of the next generation to be homozygous recessive (aa)
what is the hardy-weinberg law?
in a large randomly mating population, the allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation
what are the conditions of the hardy-weinberg law?
- large population
- random mating within population
- no selection pressures (each genotype has equal fitness)
- population is closed (no immigration or emigration with another population)
- no mutations from one allele into another (if mutations do occur, forward and back mutations are equal)
- no genetic drift
- character being studies isnt sex linked
