module 2 - 3.1 biological molecules and ions Flashcards
what is the calcium ion necessary for?
nerve impulses
cell function
what is the sodium ion necessary for?
nerve impulses
regulating blood pressure, volume and pH
what is the potassium ion necessary for?
helps nerves to function
muscle contractions
what is the hydrogen ion necessary for?
catalysts
digests food in stomach
what is the ammonium ion necessary for?
make nitrate ions (fertilisers)
what are calcium, sodium, potassium, hydrogen and ammonium all known as?
cations
what is nitrate necessary for?
forms amino acids
builds proteins
what is nitrate necessary for?
forms amino acids
builds proteins
what is hydrogen carbonate necessary for?
maintains blood pH
what is the phosphate necessary for?
balances sodium and potassium ions in cells
what is the hydroxide necessary for?
catalysts
what are nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, chloride, phosphate and hydroxide all known as?
anions
what does sulphur dioxide cause?
acid rain
what is phosphorus?
backbone of DNA (sugar phosphates)
what is the equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water -> oxygen + glucose
what is the equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide
what are the different forms of carbon?
graphene, graphite, diamond
what is iron?
found in red blood cells (which have a biconcave disc and no nucleus for larger surface area to carry more haemoglobin)
what is the formula for hydrogen?
H2
what is the formula for carbon dioxide?
CO2
what is the formula for water?
H2O
what is the formula for methane?
CH4
what is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
