module 6 - 19.0 genetics

Question 1

what is species richness?

Answer 1

number of species found in a habitat

Question 2

what is species evenness?

Answer 2

the abundance of individuals in each species

Question 3

how does species evenness and species richness affect biodiversity?

Answer 3

the greater the species richness and species evenness in an area, the higher the biodiversity

Question 4

what is a species?

Answer 4

a group of similar organisms which are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring and are reproductively isolated from other species

Question 5

what is a habitat?

Answer 5

an environment where a particular species lives

Question 6

what is biodiversity?

Answer 6

• the variety of life forms within an ecosystem, biome, or the world
• identified at 3 levels: habitat, species, genetic

Question 7

what is habitat diversity?

Answer 7

range of habitats where different species live

Question 8

what is species diversity?

Answer 8

number of difference species and abundance of each species in an ecosystem

Question 9

what is genetic diversity?

Answer 9

• variation of alleles within a species
• genetic variation between individuals belonging to the same species

Question 10

without genetic diversity, what would happen?

Answer 10

plants and animals wouldn’t be able to adapt to changes in environment, like:
- climate change
- increase in pollution
- new disease
- arrival of new pests (migration)

Question 11

what factors affect genetic biodiversity within a population?

Answer 11

• mutations
• gene flow
• captive breeding
• rare breeds
• natural selection
• genetic bottlenecks
• founder effect

Question 12

what is gene flow?

Answer 12

interbreeding with different populations

Question 13

what is a genetic bottleneck?

Answer 13

few individuals within a species survive

Question 14

what is the founder effect?

Answer 14

a small number of individuals create a new colony

Question 15

what is polymorphism?

Answer 15

occurring in lots of different forms

Question 16

what is gel electrophoresis?

Answer 16

1. sample places in a well in gel
2. buffer solution used to keep pH constant
3. electrodes places at each end of tank
4. electric voltage runs between electrodes
5. particles with a charge move towards opposite electrode

Question 17

what is the method of gel electrophoresis?

Answer 17

negative particles move towards positive electrode and vice versa

Question 18

what does the speed of movement depend on?

Answer 18

• size of charge (e.g -1, -2)
• size of particle (smaller particles move further)

Question 19

what is DNA electrophoresis?

Answer 19

• DNA fragments dissolves in solution that gives them a negative charge
• fragments move towards positive electrode
• speed depends on size
• band of dyed DNA show hoe far each fragment moved in time